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1、误差理论与测量平差基础 课程设计(VC.net) 实习报告（Visual C+.Net）班 级：学 号：姓 名：12014 年 2 月 17 日至 2 月 28 日水准网水准网平差程序设计平差程序设计一、一、 实验目的实验目的 巩固过程的定义与调用 巩固类的创建与使用 巩固间接平差模型及平差计算 掌握平差程序设计的基本技巧与步骤二、二、 实验内容实验内容水准网平差程序设计。设计一个水准网平差的程序，要求数据从文件中读取，计算部分与界面无关。1. 水准网间接平差模型：2.2. 计算示例：近似高程计算：23. 水准网平差计算一般步骤(1)读取观测数据和已知数据；(2)计算未知点高程近似值；(3)列
2、高差观测值误差方程；(4)根据水准路线长度计算高差观测值的权；(5)组成法方程；(6)解法方程，求得未知点高程改正数及平差后高程值；(7)求高差观测值残差及平差后高差观测值；3(8)精度评定；(9)输出平差结果。4. 水准网高程近似值计算算法5. 输入数据格式示例3已知点数 A,151.5664 B,144.5684已知点号及高程 C,144.3194 9未知数 P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P8,P9未知点号 15高差观测数据个数 B,P4,1.4966,0.4 B,P1,1.7881,0.5 P1,A,5.2065,0.7 P4,P2,2.0850,0.9 P2,A,3.417
3、5,0.4 C,P3,1.2081,1.0 P3,A,6.0372,0.6 C,P5,4.3306,0.7高差观测数据：起点，终点，高差，路线长度 P6,P5,3.6513,0.6 P7,P6,2.5122,0.34P7,P9,2.0415,0.8 P9,P4,1.5366,0.7 C,P4,1.7450,0.8 P8,P5,2.7436,0.4 P9,P8,1.3783,0,5实验代码：实验代码：#pragma onceclassclass LevelControlPointLevelControlPointpublic:LevelControlPoint(void);LevelContro
4、lPoint(void);public:CString strName;/点名CString strID;/点号float H;bool flag;/标记是否已经计算出近似高程值，若计算出则为，否则为;class CDhObspublic:CDhObs(void);CDhObs(void);public:LevelControlPoint* cpBackObj;/后视点LevelControlPoint* cpFrontObj;/前视点double ObsValue;/高差值double Dist;/测站的距离;#include “StdAfx.h“#include “LevelControl
5、Point.h“LevelControlPoint:LevelControlPoint(void)strName=_T(“);strID=_T(“);H=0;flag=0;5LevelControlPoint:LevelControlPoint(void)CDhObs:CDhObs(void)CDhObs:CDhObs(void)#pragma once#include“LevelControlPoint.h“#include “Matrix.h“classclass AdjustLevelAdjustLevelpublic:AdjustLevel(void);AdjustLevel(void
6、);public:LevelControlPoint* m_pKnownPoint;/已知点数组int m_iKnownPointCount;/已知点个数LevelControlPoint* m_pUnknownPoint;/未知点数组int m_iUnknownPointCount;/未知点个数CDhObs* m_pDhObs;/高差观测值数组int m_iDhObsCount;/高差观测值个数public:void SetKnownPointSize(int size);/创建大小为size的已知点数组void SetUnkonwnPointSize(int size);/创建大小为siz
7、e的未知点数组void SetDhObsSize(int size);/创建大小为size的观测值数组bool LoadObsData(const CString/读入观测文件CString* SplitString(CString str, char split, intvoid ApproHeignt(void);/计算近似值private:LevelControlPoint* SearchKnownPointUsingID(CString ID);LevelControlPoint* SearchUnknownPointUsingID(CString ID);LevelControlPo
8、int* SearchPointUsingID(CString ID);CMatrix LevleWeight(void);/计算权矩阵public:void FormErrorEquation(CMatrix /组成误差方程void EquationCompute(CMatrix /计算法方程void Accuracy_Assessment(double /精度评定void CompAdjust(double ;6#include “StdAfx.h“#include “AdjustLevel.h“#include #include “LevelControlPoint.h“#include
9、 “math.h“AdjustLevel:AdjustLevel(void)m_pKnownPoint=NULL;/已知点数组m_iKnownPointCount=0;/已知点个数m_pUnknownPoint=NULL;/未知点数组m_iUnknownPointCount=0;/未知点个数m_pDhObs=NULL;/高差观测值数组m_iDhObsCount=0;/高差观测值个数AdjustLevel:AdjustLevel(void)if(m_pKnownPoint!=NULL)delete m_pKnownPoint;m_pKnownPoint=NULL;if(m_pUnknownPoi
10、nt!=NULL)delete m_pUnknownPoint;m_pUnknownPoint=NULL;if(m_pDhObs!=NULL)delete m_pDhObs;m_pDhObs=NULL;void AdjustLevel:SetKnownPointSize(int size)m_pKnownPoint=new LevelControlPointsize;/创建动态指针m_iKnownPointCount=size;7void AdjustLevel:SetUnkonwnPointSize(int size)m_pUnknownPoint=new LevelControlPoint
11、size;m_iUnknownPointCount=size;void AdjustLevel:SetDhObsSize(int size)m_pDhObs=new CDhObssize;m_iDhObsCount=size;/高差观测值个数bool AdjustLevel:LoadObsData(const CStringif(!sf.Open(strFile,CFile:modeRead) return false;/创建并打开文件对象CString strLine;bool bEOF=sf.ReadString(strLine);/读取第一行，即已知点的数目SetKnownPointSi
12、ze(_ttoi(strLine);/根据已知点的数目，创建已知点数组；int n=0;for(int i=0;istrID=m_pUnknownPointi.strID)*/m_pUnknownPointi.H=m_pDhObsj.cpBackObj-H + m_pDhObsj.HObsValue;m_pUnknownPointi.flag=1;break;if(m_pUnknownPointi.flag!=1)/如果经过上一步骤未知点仍没有计算出近似值for(int j=0;jstrID=m_pUnknownPointi.strID)/*m_pUnknownPointi.H=m_pDhOb
13、si.cpFrontObj-H+m_pDhObsi.ObsValue;*/m_pUnknownPointi.flag=1;break;11if(i=m_iUnknownPointCount-1)/如果已经计算到最后一个未知点for(int a=0;astrID);tmpFront=SearchPointUsingID(m_pDhObsi.cpFrontObj-strID);/找到与第i个观测值有关的未知点tmpBack-strID;for(int j=0;jstrID)/如果是后视点则前面的系数为-1 B(i,j)=-1;continue;12if(m_pUnknownPointj.strID
14、=tmpFront-strID)/如果是前视点则前面的系数为B(i,j)=1;/建立L矩阵CString tmp;for(int i=0;iH-m_pDhObsi.cpFrontObj-H);*/L(i,0)=m_pDhObsi.HObsValue-(m_pDhObsi.cpFrontObj-H -m_pDhObsi.cpBackObj-H);tmp.Format(_T(“%.3f“),L(i,0);L(i,0)=_tstof(tmp);L(i,0)=L(i,0)*1000;/将单位化为mmvoidAdjustLevel:EquationCompute(CMatrix P=LevleWeigh
15、t(); /P为权矩阵FormErrorEquation(B,l);ApproHeignt();CMatrix BT(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iDhObsCount);BT=B;/B的转置矩阵CMatrix NBB(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);NBB=BT*P*B;CMatrix NBBl=NBB.Inv();x=NBBl*BT*P*l;for(int i=0;im_iUnknownPointCount;i+)m_pUnknownPointi.H+=x(i,0);/未知点高程值=近似值+改正数voidAdjustL
16、evel:Accuracy_Assessment(double P=LevleWeight(); /P为权矩阵FormErrorEquation(B,l);EquationCompute(x);13CMatrix v(m_iDhObsCount,1);v=B*x-l;CMatrix vT(1,m_iDhObsCount);vT=v;CMatrix r/*(1,l)*/;r=vT*P*v;r0=sqrt(r(0,0)/(m_iDhObsCount-m_iUnknownPointCount);/单位权中误差Qxx.SetSize(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);C
