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1、,高考语法复习动词时态与语态, 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。命题思路有三种： 一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择； 二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断； 三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。, 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和
2、时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。,am/is/are done,am/is/are being done,had been done,will be done/shall be done(仅用于第一人称）,was/were being done,was/were done,has/have been done,should/would be done,
3、 will/shall have been done, should/ would have been done,一、对一般现在时的考查 1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。,2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time（到的时候；在以前 ）
4、, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining,二、对一般过去时的考查
5、一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。I bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年
6、上海卷） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent,三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。 1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷） A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare2)Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷34题） has closed down B
7、. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down,5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,四、对过去进行时的考查,When it began to rain,I was walking,now,1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查
8、。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。I _ (walk) down the street when it _(begin) to rain.,was walking,began,2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。 S
9、hirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98） A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing,五、对现在完成时的考查 1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。 2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。,3)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.（2004全国卷） hasnt cleaned B. d
10、idnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别： 一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。,The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.,六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成: have / has been+ doing 概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区
11、别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时I have written an article. I have been writing an article.,强调：已完成,强调：持续性， 未完成或刚刚完成,1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you look ti
12、red. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted,七、对过去完成时态的考查 过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!, George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go t
13、o their wedding? No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite,常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。,把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。By the end of last year, anothe
14、r new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed,1.-Do you work here?-No, I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary comes. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out,举一反三
15、破定势,C,高考题点击： 1. - Can I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. (96 N)A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesnt work2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N)A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,D,D,3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海)A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N)A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,
