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1、English Poetry:Tradition and Modernism Lin Yupeng May,2004,I Traditional English PoetryII Modern English PoetryIII Reading Modern English Poetry,She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praiseAnd very few to love.-William Wordsworth(1770-1850)她住在僻
2、壤穷乡，鸽泉之畔；妙龄少女，何人赞扬，谁人相伴？（谭天健等译）,I Traditional English Poetry,1 content of poetry2 elements of poetry3 metrical features of poetry4 examples,1 content of poetry(themes),nature, life,death, belief, time, youth, beauty; love, feelings of different kinds ; reason(wisdom); moral lesson/morality, moralizi
3、ng, affirms established values; meaning fixed, one-dimensional, value orientation clear.,2 elements of poetry:,1) elements peculiar/essential to poetry: meter, rhyme, sound( assonance, consonance, alliteration), form of poetry 2) elements important to poetry: imagery, symbols, metaphor, simile, dict
4、ion(connotative) 3) other elements: tone, style, character, setting, point of view, allusion etc.,3 metrical features of English poetry(I):,1）meter（格律）: regularized rhythm ; an arrangement of language in which the accents occur at apparently equal intervals in time 2）rhyme（韵）: repetition at regular
5、intervals in a line or lines of poetry of similar or identical sounds based on a correspondence between the vowels and succeeding consonants or accented syllables;,3 metrical features(II),3）rhyme scheme（韵律结构） any fixed pattern of rhymes charactering a whole poem or its stanzas 4) forms of poetry: ba
6、llad, heroic couplet, sonnet, blank verse (cf free verse),metrical features(III):foot,5）foot（音步）: the basic metrical or rhythmical unit within a line of poetry. A foot of poetry generally consists of an accented syllable and one or more unaccented syllables arranged in a variety of patterns. The fou
7、r standard feet distinguished in English poetry are:,Some patterns of feet (I),a) iamb(iambic)(抑扬格)，eg todayb) trochee(trochaic)(扬抑格),eg morning c) anapest(anapestic)(抑抑扬格) eg on the top,Some patterns of feet(II),d) dactyl(dactylic)(扬抑抑格) eg evening e) spondee(spondaic) and pyrrhic(pyrrhic)iambic te
8、trameter （抑扬格四音步）or pentameter（五音步） (Note: In English usually one-syllable content words are stressed while one-syllable structure words are not stressed.),She dwelt amongthe untrodden ways (a) Beside the springs of Dove,（b） A Maidwh om there were none to praise（a） And very fewto love.（b）ballad The
9、1st and 3rd lines are in iambic tetrameter the 2rd and 4th lines are in iambic trimeter; Rhyme scheme: a b a b,She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which hea
10、ven to gaudy day denies. -George Gordon, Lord Byron(1788-1824)2）b）她走在美的光华中，像夜空 清澈无云，星光万点； 最美的明暗色泽 会聚于她的明眸玉颜， 交融成柔美的光线， 不似那耀眼的白天。（谭天健等译）,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?（a） Thou art more lovely and more temperate.（b） Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.（a） And summers lease hath all to
11、o short a date.（b） Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,（c） And often is his gold complexion dimmd;（d） And every fair from fair sometime declines,（c） By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd;（d） But thy eternal summer shall not fade（e） Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst.（f） Nor s
12、hall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade（e） When in eternal lines to time thou growst.（f） So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,（g） So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（g） -William Shakespeare(1564-1616),能不能让我来把你比拟作夏日？ 你可是更加温和，更加可爱： 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿， 夏季的生命又未免结束得太快： 有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金
13、彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落， 被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残； 但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯， 你永远不会失去你美的仪态； 死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅， 你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在； 只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见， 我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。（屠岸译）,The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea, The plowman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and
14、 to me.-Thomas Gray(1716-1771):Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。 群牛哞叫归，迂回走草径。 农夫荷锄归，倦倦回家门。 唯我立旷野，独自对黄昏。（丰华瞻译）,II Modern English Poetry,1 Content/themes(to be continued): sense of loss, frustration, alienation; doubts and uncertainty about the established values, the world and nature;
15、irrational elements, defiance of conventions,Content/themes(continued),meaning open, multi-dimensional, deliberate ambiguity, possible of different interpretations; challenge the established values, frankness about some taboo subjects( sex , private feelings , personal experience);inclusion of the c
16、ommonplace and the ugly;not concerned about moralizing, value orientation vague;,2 form and techniques,1) no regular meter and rhyme, free verse with highly flexible rhythm, language of common speech; 2) experiments (innovations) with language; diversity and multiplicity of language;language itself becomes the attention of the poem; 3) to suggest rather than state, absolute freedom in the choice of subject, symbolism etc.,
