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1、產學合作模式之挑戰 Experiences of leading Univ, and Research Inst. in US,Taiwan, and Mainland China,Chintay Shih Professor and Dean College of Technology Management, NTHU Special Advisor, ITRIJan.25,2005, tvca, Taipei,大綱,產學合作的重要性 主要地區產學合作模式分析 國內產學合作之障礙與挑戰 美國Stanford大學產學合作機制 結論,產學合作的重要性,臺灣經濟與產業結構的轉移,資料來源：主要國家
2、經濟統計指標，經濟部統計處,GNP(USM$) 1,614(1952) 48,600(1982) 314,400(2000) 295,600(2003) GNP/Capita(US$) 196(1952) 2,654(1982) 14,216(2000) 13,139(2003),67.8%,30.4%,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,農業,工業,服務業,20%,40%,60%,百分比,製造導向,投資導向,創新導向,勞力密集產業,資本密集產業,技術密集產業,知識密集產業,2003,1.8%,Why University-Industry Relation?,Degenerat
3、ion of large enterprises lab, such as IBM, Bell Lab and PARC High value-added on R&D collaboration with regional research institution Rising of High-tech cluster Knowledge within university as source of regional innovation and entrepreneurship,大學角色之演變,Frontier Science & technology research Source of
4、 emerging technology transfer and entrepreneurs To provide lifelong learning and continuous education Collaboration with industry to develop innovation cluster,主要地區產學合作模式分析,University,Industry,Gap,IP ROI,Curiosity Public goods Publications,產業與大學角色差異,University,Industry,Gap,Research Institute,Federal
5、 Funding Keep Best talent,Reverse technology transfer,Myths :One way relationship Captive of industry funding,Co-evolution of Stanford and Silicon valley,美國產學合作模式,Company,“ Science & Technology Food Chain” in US,Contract Res.,NIH,Grant,Universities,SBIR,DoD,SBIR,DARPA,Company,DoD,National Security,P
6、ublic Health,Dual Use,Univ., Not only private sector, but also public sector formulate a profound system of innovation ,美國產學合作的特色,藉產學互動來促進產學資訊交流,並強化跨領域合作 藉由設立研究中心，作為促進產學之間以及校內跨領域互動的平台，研究走向以前瞻高風險領域為主 1980年通過Bayh-Dole Act開放學校接受公司資產形式的捐贈,讓學校可以在現金捐贈之外、接受公司股權形式的捐贈，提升學校在協助創新創業的空間與彈性 業界對學校以捐贈為主、提供獎學金或贊助研究計
7、畫經費，較少特定目標委託研究,： The number of Japanese TLOs is the cumulative data up until October,2003.： The number of Japanese TLOs Patent Application filed、licenses and royalties are FY2002 data. ： The number of Japanese venture companies is the cumulative data up until the end of March, 2002.： The number of U
8、nited States TLOs、patent applications filed、licenses、and royalties are FY 2002 data. ： The number of United States university-based venture companies is the cumulative data from FY1980 to FY2002 ： The number of United States researchers is as of 1999. The number of Japanese researchers is as of 2002
9、.,Notes,（Sources） Japan：METI ResearchUS ：AUTM “Licensing Survey 2002”,美國與日本技術移轉之比較,Venture Capital,SourcesJapan; Annual Surveys by Venture Enterprise Center from 1995 to 1999, METIs Annual Survey for June 2000 US; “2000 National Venture Capital Association Yearbook (prepared by Thomson Financial Sec
10、urities Data/Venture Economics).”EU; “2000 Yearbook (EVCA).”Taiwan: “2003 Year Book” TVCA,University,Industry,Gap,Research Institute,UOF UAE UOSP,?,Exit?,中國大陸產學合作模式,中國大陸產學合作挑戰,校辦企業： 學校角色：研發、技術移轉、研發成果商品化及協助公司設立 作法： 設立控股公司與技術鑑價單位 學校研發成果，可藉由技術鑑價轉為股份，再由控股公司從業界公司尋找買主或共同投資人 校設科學園區： 學校角色：設立科學園區招商，提供廠商與學校教授
11、互動平台 面臨的挑戰： 績效存疑：學界主導，校辦企業績效參差不 學校不熟悉企業經營管理 缺乏適當市場運作機制 創投投資與退出機制無法有效運作 影響大學基礎研究角色：基礎研究 vs 技術商品化，過度重視應用研究與產品發展,University,Industry,Gap,Research Institute,ITRI lab-X-University,Open-lab incubator,New challenge,Science Park,60 incubators,台灣產學合作模式,國內產學合作之障礙與挑戰,台灣產學合作之障礙,University-industry gap cultural
12、adoptions system for cooperation mission alignment Short-long term balance Return on investment Lack of industry linkage for the academia Social responsibility of enterprise,高科技產業發展與人力供給關聯圖 - 以新竹科學園區為例,資料來源：工研院,海外學人歸國至竹科就業統計,資料來源：竹科管理局,Taiwan Students Abroad-United State,Source: Ministry of Educatio
13、n *Share is ratio to total students abroad,Taiwan Students Abroad-Japan,Source: Ministry of Education,Source: Ministry of Education *Share is ratio to total students abroad,ITRI角色與技術移轉模式,Roles Establish ITRI as the go-between for itself and the private sector ITRI play important role as “bridge” and
14、 “partner” Lead in National R&D projects Facilitate technological diffusion & spillovers Talent flow Ways of Technology Sharing Spin-off company Incubation center Open Lab for technology R&D sharing Bridging foreign technology and partners,新竹聚落人才與技術網路,台灣發展科技產業之重點成效,資料來源：2003半導體工業年鑑，台灣半導體協會網站,半導體產業產值
15、,509,628,882,1,327,2,143,2,307,2,479,2,834,4,235,7,144,5,269,6,529,8,188,11,269,0,2000,4000,6000,8000,10000,12000,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,封裝測試業,製造業,設計業,新台幣億元,18.3%,59.1%,22.6%,台灣中小企業的活力,Source: MOEA (Mar. 2004),Source: MOEA ROC, NBSA PRC, 2004,平均國民所得比較 (US$),台灣歷年核准投資大陸金額,Source: Directorate General of Budget and Accounting(Nov. 2004),
