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1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,兼善中学 印建伟,一、主动语态与被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Model: Many people speak English.（主动语态）English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成：be + done（过去分词） 、一般现在时：amis doneare 、一般过去时：was donewere,.,3. 现在完成时: have been donehas 4. 现在进行时: amis being doneare 5.一般将来时：will be don
2、eshall 6. 含有情态动词: canmaymust be doneshouldhave to,三、被动语态的用法 、不知道谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态，如：This jacket is made of cotton. 、没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时要用被动语态，如：English is spoken in Britain and America. 、只需强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态，如：The bridge was built in 1990. 四、把主动句变为被动句的方法：在主谓宾结构中 、把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的主语变为by 短语（没必要时可省），如：Bell i
3、nvented the telephone in 1876.The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.,练习一 My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.You must clean your room once a week.The boy broke the window.The workers are building a new bridge.,The soup was made by my mother.,My computer will be repaire
4、d by Uncle Wang.,Your room must be cleaned once a week(by you).,The window was broken by the boy.,A new bridge is being built(by the workers).,I can not find my dictionary.Do students learn English in the middle school?,My dictionary can not be found by me.,Is English learned in the middle school by
5、 students?,、在主谓宾结构变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾语不变，如：He told her a long story.宾 宾 She was told a long story.A long story was told to her.Mother bought me a new coat.宾 宾I was bought a new coat.A new coat was bought for me.,、“主谓宾宾补”句型变为被动结构时，只将句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不变。如：I found him lying on the floor.宾 宾补
6、He was found lying on the floor.We call her Rose.宾 宾补She is called Rose. 、当主动句中有see/hear/feel/watch/notice/make/have sb do sth 变为被动句时，do 前要加上to .如：I often hear him sing.He is often heard to sing.They made the boy go to bed early.The boy was made to go to bed early.,四、使用被动语态时应注意：有些动词形式上主动，意义上是被动，用时特别
7、要小心。 、可和well等连用的及物动词。My pen writes well.我的笔好使。The cloth washes well.这个料子耐洗。The poem reads smoothly.这首诗读起来很流畅。 、be + 形 to do sth.The story is interesting to read.The wine is nice to drink.,练习二 1. My parents bought me a bike.2. Have they paid you the money? 3. He is telling us a funny story. Jack gave
8、 Jim a present.,I was bought a bike by my parents. A bike was bought for me by my parents.,Have you been paid the money? B. Has the money been paid to you?,We are being told a funny story.A funny story is being told to us.,Jim was given a present by Jack. A present was given to Jim by Jack.,、某些连系动词T
9、he flowers smell sweet.这 花 儿 很 香 。The food tastes nice.这 食 物 味 道 好 。 、下列词不用被动形式：last(持续), have(有)，wish, let, take part in, break out(爆发),happen.I have two brothers.I didnt let him go home.,练习三 He told us to wait for him at the school gate.We must keep the environment clean.Mother often makes me fini
10、sh my homework first.We saw her go out of the school.I often hear him read English in the morning.,We were told to wait for him at the school gate.,The environment must be kept clean.,I am often made to finish my homework first.,She was seen to go out of the school.,He is often heard to read English
11、 in the morning.,Exercises 一、将下列句子改为被动语态 1. Many people speak English in the U.S.A.English is spoken by many people in the U.S.A. 2. I will finish the work soon.The work will be finished soon. 3. He bought a bike.A bike was bought by him. 4. You should do the work carefully.The work should be done c
12、arefully. 5. They are watering the flowers.The flowers are being watered by them. 6. We heard them sing in the next room.They were heard to sing (by us) in the next room.,二、变下列句子为主动句（括号内有词的，用其作主语） 1. Nobody was found in the room.(they)They found nobody in the room. 2. A new bridge will be built next
13、 year.(they)They will build a new bridge next year. 3. The bike must be mended.(Jack)Jack must mend the bike. 4. Keys are used by people for locking doors.People use keys for locking doors. 5. He is being operated on by the doctor.The doctor is operating on him. 6. Children should be taken good care of.(we)We should take good care of children.,
