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1、Letter of Credit 信用证,Chapter Six,a letter of credit,In simple terms,a letter of credit is a conditional bank undertaking of payment.,Guaranteed by banks creditworthiness 以银行信誉担保,受益人在规定的时间内提交规定的单据必须符合信用证条款。,申请人 进口商,开 证 行,议付行 通知行,受益人 出口商,货物,资金,申请,开证,通知,交单,议付,寄单,偿付,通知赎单,付款赎单,审单,审证,信用证与一般的担保业务是否相同？,6.1.
2、2 Characteristics 特点,1)当单证相符时，独立履行付款承诺，不受当事人干扰,第一性的付款责任,1. The issuing bank undertakes to effect payment, quite independent of whether the applicant is bankrupt or is in default or not, provided the documents presented are in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit.,1. The issuing ban
3、k assume theprimarily liability of payments.,drawee： bank,Issuing bank,Nominated bank,Can the applicant Be the drawee?,A credit should not be issued available by Draft(s) on the Applicant. If the Credit nevertheless calls for Draft(s) on the Applicant, banks will consider such Draft(s) as an additio
4、nal document(s).,开立信用证时，不应以申请人作为汇票付款人。如信用证仍规定汇票付款人为申请人，银行将视此汇票为附加的单据。,2）信用证是独立文件，与销售合同分离 2.A letter of credit stands independent of the sales contract.,sales contractapplication form credit,.Sales contract=Credit（？）,The relationship among Contract, application form and credit.,An issuing bank states
5、 “the documents are not complied with the sale contract”, can this be a due course to dishonor the bill by the issuing bank?,importer,exporter,importer,issuing bank,issuing bank,all parties to credit,3）银行处理的是单据，而不是货物，单据与货物分离。,3.In Credit operations all parties deal with documents, and not with goods
6、, services or other performances to which the documents may relate.,4.Banks assumes no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any documents , or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the document(s) or super
7、imposed thereon; nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any document(s), or for the good faith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the c
8、onsignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.,银行对于任何单据的形式、完整性、准确性、真伪性或法律效力，或对于单据上规定的或附加的一般性及/或特殊性条件，概不负责；银行对于任何单据中有关的货物描述、数量、重量、质量、状况、包装、交货、价值或存在与否，对于货物的发货人、承运人、运输行、收货人或保险人，其它任何人的诚信、行为及/或疏忽、清偿能力、执行能力或信誉概不负责。,4）凭表面相符的单据付款5）对第三方的行
9、为不负责（如票据是否遗失，货物是否中途损失）,单据真假?,6.1 Introduction,6.1.3 Parties involved in a documentary credit 信用证的当事人,一、开证申请人(APPLICANT) 二、开证行(ISSUING BANK/OPENING BANK) 三、通知行(ADVISING BANK) 四、受益人(BENEFICIARY) 五、保兑行(CONFIRMING BANK) 六、议付行(NEGOTIATING BANK) 七、付款行(PAYING BANK) 八、承兑行(ACCEPTING BANK) 九、偿付行(REIMBERSING B
10、ANK),Main parties 基本当事人,指定银行 Nominated Bank,6.1.3 Parties involved 当事人,Applicant/ importer/ the buyer 开证申请人Fills out and signs an application form, requesting the banks to issue a credit in favor of an exporter or seller aboard.,申请开证：按合同填写开证申请书，签名，指定受益人,契约,交纳押金和费用,问题1 进口商是否有权拒绝赎取不合格单据？问题2进口商在赎单提货之后，
11、如发现货物规格，质量，数量等与单据不符，是否有权向开证行追究责任和索还货款？,2.Issuing/ opening bank/ the buyers bank 开证行,1) issues a letter of credit 2)undertakes full responsibility for payment against proper documents presented by the beneficiary.,开证并承担付款责任,问题1开证行凭单付款后，进口商无力付款，此时，开证行向议付行追索票款，合理么？,不合理！信用证开出后，开证行要对信用证独立责任。不能因进口商拒绝赎单或无力
12、付款而向议付行，付款行，偿付行或出口商追索票款。,问题2,开证行履行付款责任后，如进口商无力付款赎单，开证行是否有权处理单据和货物？,3.Advising bank:通知行,1）Receive the L/C2） Informing the beneficiary to make preparation for shipping the goods and drafting the documents.,收到信用证，证明信用证的真实性，并负责通知受益人做好交单准备,一般为出口地银行,是否必定承担议付责任？,4.Beneficiary/ exporter/the seller 受益人,In wh
13、ose favor the credit is issued L/C benefits the exporter by its assurance of payment to him.,信用证的受益人，信用证对出口方的好处是付款确定。 受益人是信用证项下履行义务后有权得到付款得受益者。,5.Confirming bank: 保兑行,Add its undertaking to those of the issuing bank and assumes liability under the credit.是第三家银行应开证行得要求在不可撤销的信用证上加上保兑， 对所保兑的信用证项下汇票和单据承
14、担不可撤销的付款责任。,6.Negotiating bank: 议付行,Purchases the documents under the creditSent the drafts and documents to the issuing bank for reimbursement.,买单，寄单索偿,Recourse?,Beneficiary,Negotiating bank,1.Documents,2.pay the value and get the right of the documentary bill,Negotiating bank is the holder in due
15、course,payee,endorsee,议付行对信用证下汇票议付后，即成为该汇票的正当持票人。因此，不论开证行因何种原因不付款或倒闭时，议付行都有权向受益人追索。,7.Paying bank/drawee bank 付款行,Authorized by the issuing bank to pay the beneficiary according to the terms and conditions of the credit.开证行在信用证中规定的汇票付款人,7. Paying bank 付款行,A bank who is authorized by the issuing bank
16、 to pay the beneficiary according to the terms and conditions of the credit.,sight paying bank,Advising Bank,deferred paying bank,This bank is the drawee bank, when issuing bank dishonor the documents, it has no right of recourse to the beneficiary.,8.Accepting bank: 承兑行,The bank accepting the drafts under the credit.对受益人签发的远期汇票予以承兑，并到期付款的银行。,8. Accepting bank 承兑行,A usance credit nominates a bank to accept the usance bill, this bank is the accepting bank under the credit.,
