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1、Machine Tools,Unit 3,机床,Machine Tools,The milling machine,The lathe,The grinder,shaper,Machine Tools,Most of the mechanical operations are commonly performed on five basic machine tools： The drill press; The lathe; The shaper or planer; The milling machine; The grinder.,DrillingDrilling is performed
2、 with a rotating tool called a drill. Most drilling in metal is done with a twist drill. The machine used for drilling is called a drill press. Operations, such as reaming and tapping, are also classified as drilling. Reaming consists of removing a small amount of metal from a hole already drilled.
3、Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.,Turning and BoringThe lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it tra
4、vels past the revolving workpiece. Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. Boring operations are performed to enlarge, finish, and accurately locate holes.,MillingMilling removes metal with a revolving, multi
5、ple cutting edge tools called milling cutter. Milling cutters are made in many styles and sizes. Some have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 or more. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being
6、used.,Shaping and PlaningShaping and planing produce flat surfaces with a single-point cutting tool. In shaping, the cutting tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool. In planing, the workpiece is attached to a worktable that reciproca
7、tes past the cutting tool. The cutting tool is automatically fed into the workpiece a small amount on each stroke.,GrindingGrinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting. Grinding operations may be classified as precision or nonprecision, depending on the purpose. Precision grinding is c
8、oncerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish. Nonprecision grinding involves the removal of metal where accuracy is not important.,drill dril n. 钻床，钻头，训练vi. 钻孔，训练vt. 钻孔，训练 lathe lei n. 车床，机床 vt. 用车床加工 shaper eip n. 牛头刨床，造型者，整形器，造型者 planer plein n. 龙门刨床，刨床，刨工 milling mili n. 磨，制粉
9、，【机械学】铣削v. 碾磨，磨成粉 grinder raind n. 磨床，研磨机，砂轮(机) twist twist n. 扭曲vt. 捻，拧，扭伤vi. 扭动，弯曲 ream ri:m vt.铰孔n. 令（纸张的计数单位），大量 tap tp vt. 轻敲, 轻拍，攻丝vi. 轻拍，轻击n. 水龙头 screw skru: vt. 旋，拧n. 螺旋，螺丝钉vi. 转动，拧 bolt bult n. 螺栓，门闩vt. 上门闩vi. 逃跑adv. 突然地,threaded redid adj. 有线状图案装饰的v. 穿过，穿线于 cylindrical silindrikl adj. 圆柱形的
10、，圆柱体的，圆柱的 pulley puli n. 滑轮，皮带轮vt. 用滑轮升起 shaft :ft; ft n. 轴，杆状物vt. 利用，在上装杆 boring b:ri n. 钻孔，镗削vt.钻(孔)，镗(孔) adj.无聊的 groove ru:v n. 槽 vt. 开槽于 vi. 形成沟槽 slot slt 狭缝，槽沟vt. 在上开狭缝vi. 被放入狭孔 reciprocate risiprkeit vt. 报答，互给vi. 往复运动，酬答 stroke struk n.冲程，打击；尝试vt. 抚摸，划掉vi.敲击键盘 abrasive breisiv adj. 粗糙的；有研磨作用的n
11、. 研磨料 tolerance tlrns n. 公差，容忍，宽容,twist drill麻花钻 gear blank 齿轮毛坯 threaded shaft 丝杠 gear teeth轮齿 back and forth反复地，来回地 single-point cutting tool单刃刀具 abrasive particle磨料颗粒,1. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it. 译文：攻丝是在孔里切出螺纹的过程，
12、以便螺钉或螺栓能旋合进去。 说明：句中process of 的过程，so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it作目的状语。 threaded redid adj. 有线状图案装饰的v. 穿过；穿线于（thread的过去分词） 1) related phrases：threaded connection 螺纹连接；threaded bush 套筒螺母 2）Each lever has two threaded connectors for chain installation. 每个杆都有两个螺纹连接器用于链条安装。 3）Each en
13、d is threaded to allow the installation of valves, connections, or relief devices. 每一端都车有螺纹，以安装阀门、接头或减压装置。,2. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece. 译文：在车削操作中，车床用一个单刃切削刀具在旋转的工件上进行金属切削。 说明：句中句中which removes m
14、etal as it travels past the revolving workpiece.是非限制性定语从句，对a single-point cutting tool作补充说明作用。 turning t:ni n. 转向；旋转；回转；转弯处v. 旋转（turn的ing形式） 1) related phrases：turning moment 转矩；turning machine 车床 2）The top is turning like a screw. 那顶端象螺丝一样地旋转着。 3）Spin the pendulum round by turning the red knob. 转动红
15、色的把手使钟摆开始转动。,3. Milling can produce flat or angled surfaces, grooves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used. 译文：铣削根据所用的铣刀形状可分别加工平面或斜面、槽口、缝、齿轮的齿和其他的型面。 说明：句中depending on the shape of the cutters being used作条件状语。,4. In shaping, the cutting tool on a sh
16、aper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool. 译文：在刨削的操作中，当工件自动朝刀具方向进给时，牛头刨床上的刀具作往复或前后移动。 说明：句中while the work is fed automatically towards the tool作时间状语从句。reciprocate risiprkeit vt. 报答；互换；互给vi. 往复运动；互换 1）The piston is reciprocating inside cylinder. 活塞
17、在汽缸内部往复运动。 2）I hope I can reciprocate your hospitality some time. 我希望下次能回报你的热情款待。,句中：back and forth 反复地，来回地 1）COM links all of components in the system together, enabling them to pass requests and information back and forth. COM将系统中的所有组件连接在一起，允许它们来回传送请求和信息。 2）She walked back and forth on the path. 她在小路上来来回回地走着。,
