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1、1、1994 年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge
2、. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short“ , a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and inv
3、ention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. “(73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technol
4、ogy algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of
5、 a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo s g
6、reatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improveme
7、nt of machinery for making eyeglasses .Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving forc
8、e.精美译文精美译文新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说， 科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普 通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要 是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。（73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科 学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱 因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的 工艺信息和技术装置并
9、从中受益匪浅。鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的 聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动 的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在 1609 年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。但是，在新学派科学家看来，这件事中真 正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改进和发展。联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去。（75）政府究竟是以减少对技术 的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱 动力量。题目解析：题目解析：(71 ) 、Sc
10、ience moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.结构分析：结构分析： 宾语从句的主句 Science / moves forward, / 主句 插入结构 they say, / 并列结构 1 not so much 原因状语结构 through / 多重定语 the insights / of great men / of gen
11、ius / 并列结构 2 as 原因状语结构 because of / more ordinary things / 举例like / improved techniques and tool. 词义推敲：词义推敲： move forward：向前发展。 they say：间接引语作插入结构前置。 they：指代 the new school of scientists 技巧：单复数对应：according to say not so much. as. 是 as as （和一样多）的否定形式，理解为： “与其倒不如” 。 through 因为 技巧：not so much. as 是个并列结
12、构，也就是说 so 和 as 后面应该两个词的意思 应该相同，所以多义介词 through 的意思应该等于 because of 因为，由于。 the insights / of great men / of genius：天才伟人的真知灼见。多重后置定语 后浪推前浪，从后往前翻译。 insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 洞察力；心智的敏锐真知灼见，远见卓识 genius：天才 more ordinary things like improved techniques and t
13、ool 这是结构是介词 like 短语做定语修饰中心词 more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等 更为普通的东西。 like：such as参考译文：参考译文： 新学派科学家们说，科学之所以发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是 因为像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。得分重点：得分重点： 插入结构，并列结构，原因状语结构 (72)、 “In short“ , a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was la
14、rgely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. “结构分析：结构分析： 直接引语作宾语从句 介词短语作状语“In short,” / 主句 a leader / of the new school / contends, / “直接引语中的主语 the scientific revolution, / 插入结 构 as we call it, 直接引语中的谓语/ was larg
15、ely / 多重定语 the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments / 定语从句 主语 that / 谓语 expanded / the reach / of science / 介词短语作方式状语 in innumerable direction.”词义推敲：词义推敲： in short 简而言之 a leader of the new school contends：新学派的一位领导人物说/认为 school 学派。 contend：to maintain or assert 主张或声称 the s
16、cientific revolution：科学革命 revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大变革在一情况下的 突然或瞬时改变 as we call it 我们所称之谓的，我们所说的 largely：for the most part; mainly 大部分地；主要地 the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments 一系列 器具的改进、发明和使用。 a series of 一系列 expand 扩大，张开 reach range or scope of influence or effect. 影响力产生影响或效果的范围或领 域参考译文：参考译文： “简而言之” ，新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说， “我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系 列器具的改进、发明和使用，而（这些改进、发明和使用 / 这） （使科学发展的范
