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1、英语语法英语语法-名词名词（一）（一） 可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词 1 什么是不可数名词？ 1）物质名词 glass, tea 2）抽象名词 beauty, youth 3) 科学名称 physics, maths 练习：找出不可数名词 boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music homework bread blood dress news milk dustman 2不可数名词变成可数名词 1）词义发生改变 timetimes work-works woodwoods sandsands clothclothes glassgla
2、sses 2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper 练习；填入恰当的量词 a _ of good news (条) a _ of trousers (条) a _ of advice ( 条) a _ of coffee (杯 ) a _ of oil (滴) a _ of time (段) a _ of matches (盒) a _ of glasses (副) a _ of chocolate (条) a _ of ink (瓶) a _ of tea (壶) two _ of fish (盘) three _ of rice (袋) f
3、our _ of furniture (件) five _ of sugar (磅) six _ of clothes (套) 3可数名词的复数构成 A. 规则变化构成法例词一般情况在词尾加_desk-desks picture-pictures以_ _ _ _结尾加 _bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches 以辅音+_结尾，变 _为_加 _baby-babies family-families country-countries以辅音+ _结尾加_tomoto-tomatoes potato-potatoes Negro-Negroes
4、 volcano-volcanoes 黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿以元音+ _结尾加_radio -radios photo-photos以_或_结尾，变 _/_ 为_, 加 _life-lives leaf-leaves half-halves为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。 1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class 9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key 13) leaf 14) thief 1
5、5)hero 16)photo B. 不规则变化 1.单复同形 deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means 2.只有复数形式 people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses 3.不规则变化 man- men woman- women foot - feet tooth-teeth mouse -mice child-children German-Germans4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数 Englishman-Englishmen gentleman-gentlemen policewoman-po
6、licewomen grown-up-grown-ups 2)将主要成分变成复数 looker-on-lookers-on son-in-law-sons-in-law 3)如果前一词是 man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors women singers 练习：roof_ woman driver_ step-mother_ sheep _ Japanese _ sister-in-law_ （二） 名词所有格名词所有格（表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者） 1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加s the teachers praise the cats f
7、ood James dog the dogs food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词，用 of+名词的结构来表示 the leg of the desk the cover of the magazine 3.在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。 two months time todays newspaper fifty pounds weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去 shop, home. the doctors the tailors my uncles the barbers 5.名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用 of 词组+所有格表示
8、a friend of Johns that bike of Toms 6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+s . Jane and Freds mother Janes and Freds mother Tom and Tims car Toms and Tims car （三）（三） 名词的用法名词的用法 名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。1、The story is very interesting. ( ) 2、I am drawing a picture. ( ) 3、 My brother is a doctor. ( ) 4、Your pencil box is
9、so nice. ( ) （四）（四） 主谓一致主谓一致 1.主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。 He is a student. We are students. 2.and 连接两个名词，看有无 the. The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing. The professor and the writer are going to our school. 3.A number of和 The number of后的谓语。 The number of people was fifty, b
10、ut a number of them were absent for different reasons. 4.主语+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including +主语，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.All the teachers as well as the students (be) invited to the party. 5以 either or , neither nor , not
11、only but also ，notbut等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的 单复数应按照就近原则就近原则。 Either you or he _(be) to go . Not only he but also I _(be) wrong . Neither the children nor the teacher _ (know) anything about it. 6. There be 句型就近原则就近原则。 There _ a pair of glasses on the desk. There _ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.
12、7. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。 Two weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work . 1000 dollars _ (be ) a large amount of money.8.某些集体名词，如 family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一 个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中 population 的用法也类似 His family _(be) a happy family. The whole family _(be) having lunch. The population of China _(be)very large. All the world _(be) wait
