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1、中考英语专项复习-主谓一致【主谓一致命题】1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则5、 主谓一致的附加原则【考点】一、由or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not only.but also. , whether.or.等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B.
2、has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 0 潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。【考例】L
3、ook! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deersThe number of _ in our class _ fifty. (烟台) A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单
4、数形式。【考例】As the saying _,“Where there is a will; there is a way. “昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went但 what 从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。 What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。 四、and 连接的两个单数名词作主语。【考例】 Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful. 陕西A. is planted
5、B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 青岛市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；areHow time flies! Ten years _ passed. (天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are六、就近原则 -There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me,
6、 Dick?-All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. wereNot only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have be
7、en; both C has been; all Dhas been; both【语法回顾】主谓一致1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几
8、种情况：1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如： Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. What you need most is to have a good sleep.How you can ge
9、t there is a problem. 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：What I bought were three English booksWhat I say and do is (are) helpful for you.2、由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.He and I were classmates when we were at co
10、llege.Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.。Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports注意1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.The manager and the secretary are busy now.。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no,
11、each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。More than one student is intere
12、sted in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。注意 在“more than one单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。如：There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；
13、若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。She, like you and Tom, is very t
14、all. 像你和汤姆那样她很高。4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules
15、is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。2）若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。5.不定代词none 以及由“none/either/neitherof复数合词(或代词)“构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.”或“两个中的任何一个都不.”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.”或“两个中的全部都不.”时，谓语动词用复数。例如： None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。None of the
