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1、 一、宾语从句概念：一、宾语从句概念： 宾语从句：句子在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语） I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语） I know Mr. Li .（代词作宾语） Im surprised at meeting you here.(动名词作宾语) Im glad to meet you here.(不定式作宾语)Im surprised at what you have done(句子作宾语) Im glad tha
2、t I can meet you here.(句子作宾语) I like what I do. (句子作宾语） I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语） She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）2、宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素(1) 连接词连接词 (2) 语序语序 (3)时态时态（一）宾语从句的连接词（一）宾语从句的连接词根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 (1)that 引导 (2)if/whether 引导 (3)连接代词 who whom whose what which连接副词 when wh
3、y where how 一一)that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语，在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。 1These flowers are from Guangdong. He says. He says_ these flowers are from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells. He tells me _ light travels faster than sound. 3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesnt kno
4、w. Jack doesnt know _ there will be a meeting in five days.A引导词本身的省略与不省略引导词本身的省略与不省略 1that 可以省略可以省略 连词 that 引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口 语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He says( that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员。 2that 不可以省略不可以省略(1)从句的主语是 that 时，that 不省略。如：We know that that is an interesting story.我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。
5、(2) that 引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that 不能省略。如： I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。(3)主、从句之间有插入语时，that 不能省略。如：It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important.报纸上写着，英语正变得越来越重要。 B何时使用何时使用 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句that 引导的宾语从句，表示陈述
6、一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。如：He says( that) he is listening to the weather report. 他说他正在听天气预报。 1主句的谓语动主句的谓语动词是词是 think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess 等时，常接等时，常接 that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。如：I hope( that) he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。 2. 主句由主句由“连系动词连系动词+形容词形容词”构成的构成的“系表系表”结构，常接结构，常接 that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从
7、句。 这类形容词多表示感情，如这类形容词多表示感情，如 happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid 等等。等等。 如：Im afraid( that) he cant come恐怕他不能来了。 二二)if 和和 whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 1何时使用何时使用 if 或或 whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动、词 ask，see，say，dont know，wonder, doubt 和 find out 等后面。一般情况下，两 者常可换用，在口语中多用 if。如：Nobody k
8、nows whether( if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。1Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ they can speak French. 2Are the children playing games? I wonder. I wonder _ the children are playing games. 3.Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch was made i
9、n Shanghai. 4. I wonder. Is there anything wrong? I wonder _there is_wrong. 2if 和和 whether 的区别：的区别： (1)在动词不定式之前动词不定式之前只能用 whether。如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 (2)在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。如：1 want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 (3)在介词后介词后，只能用 whether。如：His father is w
10、orried about whether he loses his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 (4)宾语从句放在句首从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。如： Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。(5)用用 if 会引起歧义时，只用会引起歧义时，只用 whether。如：Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案， 请告诉 我，好吗？”。如用
11、 whether 可避免歧义。1.They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether) 2. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) ( )3. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )4. I want to know _ its good news or not.A.that B.whether C. if D.which ( )5.I am not interest
12、ed in_he is crazy about football.A.if B. that C. whether D. which三）由连接代词三）由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分， 具有一定的意义，不可省略。 例：1) He asked who could answer the question/which was the best way to the museum?2) Do you know whom t
13、hey are waiting for?3) He asked whose bike was the best in the class4) Do you know when well have a meeting？5) Please tell me where he is?6) Can you tell me how I can get to the station?7) Could you tell me why the train is late.1How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _
14、 you can see in the picture? 2Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ she parked her car? 3What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ he often talked about. 4Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 5. Jim told
15、me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 6. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 7. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）2、语序语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜 子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有： whose，what，which，how many，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting wa
