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1、1UnitUnit 1 1 WomenWomen ofof achievementachievement 阅读理解A A Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US. Surgeon General Rupert B
2、lue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to be
3、lieve that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second
4、 group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not. But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern prid
5、e. So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the exper
6、iments. So did Goldbergers wife. None of them got sick. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生 Joseph Goldberger 研究糙 皮病的患病原因的过程。Josep
7、h Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。 1Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger? APeople in America. BPeople put into prison. CPeople having a poor diet. DPeople touching pellagra patients. C C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didnt pass on from one to anothe
8、r, but was instead related to food.” ，再结合 Goldberger 在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在 Joseph Goldberger 看 来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品 的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。 2What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?2APellagra wasnt so terrible. BPellagra didnt spread. CPellagr
9、a could be cured. DPellagra wasnt a medical problem. B B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的 Goldberger 认为糙皮病不是传染病以及 第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到 自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙 皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger 进行实验是为了证明 糙皮病不传染。 3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger? ADevoted and de
10、termined. BSelfless and friendly. CPatient and expert. DStubborn and enthusiastic. A A 解析：推理判断题。文中提到的 Goldberger 在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容 表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可 Goldberger 的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚 定。故选 A。B B We talk about people being “colourblind” but very few of us are. Even tho
11、se who describe themselves as colourblind are normally just colour deficient. A strongly colourblind person will still be able to tell 20 different colours, compared to the 100 or so that normalsighted people see. Pingelap, a tiny island in the Pacific, is a beautiful spot but one that has a genetic
12、 trouble. It is known as Colourblind Island because so many people who live on this remote island can only see in black and white. Not being able to see in colour is bad enough. But one islander, Herrol, whos a fisherman, also struggles in full sunlight because all he sees is a painful burntout imag
13、e.“I find it difficult to go outside in the sun， ” he says， “because when its sunny I cannot see to do my work.”But if being truly colourblind is rare, why is it that around 10% of the population of Pingelap live in a totally black and white world? Well, we know that in 1780 the population of Pingel
14、ap was all but wiped out by a tsunami(海啸). As few as 20 people survived, one of whom was the king. Its believed he had a genetic fault that causes colourblindness and he passed this fault on to his many generations. There is one advantage. Herrol can see well, really well, in the dark. So when it ge
15、ts dark, Herrol and his friends get in their boats and hunt flying fish. They hang up flaming torches and the flying fish are attracted to the flames. “This type of fishing is fun， ” Herrol says, “especially if we catch plenty. So even though its hard work we enjoy it.” 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了色盲岛Pinge
16、lap 岛，以及该岛上 居民色盲的原因、情况等。 4What is Pingelap famous as?3AA tiny island. BA beautiful island. CA mentally troubled island. DA colourblind island. D D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Pingelap 岛因被称为色盲岛而出名， 故 D 项正确。 5What can we infer about Herrol? AHe may stay at home when its sunny. BHe is interested in burntout images. CHe likes taking photos very much. DHe doesnt live in Pingelap any more. A A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，他发现在阳
