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1、一、总 论 （一）解剖学分类 (Classification of Anatomy) anatomy 解剖学 human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学 systematic anatomy 系统解剖学 regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学 gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学 microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学 macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学 sectional anatomy 断面解剖学 pathological (mo
2、rbid) anatomy 病理解剖学 neuroanatomy 神经解剖学 chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学 developmental anatomy 发生(或发育) histologic anatomy 组织解剖学 histology 组织学 embryology 胚胎学 anthropology 人类学 （二）一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本 normality， normal (a.) 正常 abnormality , abnormal 异常 variation
3、变异 deformity, malformation 畸形 specimen 标本 model 模型 （三）方位术语 (Positional Terms) 1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势 2. 方位术语 (terms of direction) superior, upper 上 inferior, lower 下 anterior 前侧 posterior 后侧 ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧 medial (lateral) 内(外)侧 intermediate 中间 internal, interior, inner, inside 内 exter
4、nal, exterior, outer, outside 外 superficial 浅 deep, profound 深 proximal (distal) 近(远)侧 ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧 tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧 palmar 掌侧plantar 足底 left 左 right 右 middle 中 median 正中 3. 轴和面 (Axes and Planes) axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴 vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis 垂直轴, 纵轴 coro
5、nal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴 sagittal axis 矢状轴 plane (平)面 horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面, 横平面 coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面 sagittal plane 矢状面 median sagittal plane 正中矢状面 transverse section 横切面 longitudinal section 纵切面 （四）人体的分部和分区 (Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 1. 头 (Head) head 头(的) Skull
6、，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅 front, frontal, region 额区 perietal region 顶区 occiput, occipital region 枕区 Face, facial (a.) 面 orbit, orbital region 眶区 nose, nasal region 鼻区 mouth, oral region 口区 chin, mental region 颌区 ear, auditory region 耳区 2. 颈 (Neck) neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈 anterior regio
7、n of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区 carotid triangle 颈动脉三角 muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角 sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区 supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角 posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区 nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项root of neck 颈根部 3. 躯干 (Trunk) trunk, truncus 躯干 Median anterior line 前正中线
8、sternal line 胸骨线 parasternal line 胸骨旁线 midclavicular line 锁骨中线 anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后)线 midaxillary line 腋中线 scapular line 肩胛线 median posterior line 后正中线 Back, dorsal 背 vertebral region 脊柱区 sacral region 骶区 scapular region 肩胛下区 lumbar region 腰 Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸 sternal
9、region 胸骨(前)区 infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝 Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹 Hypochondriac 季肋区 epigastric region 腹上区 lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区 umbilical region 脐区 inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区， 髂区 inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角 pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区， 腹下区 Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部 Perineum,p
10、erineal (a.) 会阴 anal region 肛区 urogenital region 尿生殖区 4. 四肢 (Limbs) limbs, extremities 四肢 Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢 Shoulder 肩 axilla, axillary region 腋区 Free upper limb 自由上肢 arm,brachial (a.) 臂 anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区 elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂 anter
11、ior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前臂前(后)区 hand, manual (a.) 手 wrist, carpal (a.) 腕 palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌 back (palm) of hand 手背(掌) finger, digital (a.) 手指 thumb 拇指 index finger 示指 middle finger 中指 ring finger 环指 little finger 小指 Lower limb 下肢 hip, coxal (a.) 髋 buttock, gluteal region 臀区
12、 Free lower limb 自由下肢 anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前(后)区 femoral triangle 股三角 medial region of thigh 股内侧区 knee, geniculate (a.) 膝 anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前(后)区 leg, crural (a.) 小腿 anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前(后)区 foot, pedal (a.) 足 dorsum of foot 足背 sole, planta (pl.
13、plantae) 足底 toes 足趾 great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇 * (一) 运动系统 (Locomotor System) 1骨 学 (Osteology ) （1）概述 osteology 骨学 * bone，bony 骨 skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼 long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨 irregular bone 不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨 sesamoid bone 籽骨，shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体 bony(osseous)substance 骨质 compact(spongy)b
14、one 骨密(松)质 trabeculae 骨小梁 periosteum (外)膜 endosteum 骨内膜 medullary 髓腔 red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓 （2）中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton) 躯干骨(Bones of Trunk) * Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱 * vertebral canal 椎管 intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲 vertebra ( pl. vertebrae
15、) 椎骨 vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓) pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 vertebral foramen 椎孔 spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 superior (inferior) articular process 上(下)关节突 cervical vertebrae 颈椎 atlas 寰椎 axis 枢椎 prominent vertebrae 隆椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨 coccyx 尾骨 thoracic cavity
