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1、C O R P O R A T I O NUsing Social Media and Social Network Analysis in Law EnforcementCreating a Research Agenda, Including Business Cases, Protections, and Technology NeedsJohn S. Hollywood, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Sean E. Goodison, Brian A. Jacksonn April 2017, the National Institute
2、of Justice convened an expert panel to assess, and identify high-priority needs for, law enforcements use of two closely linked technologies that have potential to provide key information needed to address crime risks, hold offenders accountable, and ensure physical safety: social media analysis and
3、 social network analysis. Social media analysis consists of methods and tools to collect and analyze text, photos, video, and other material shared via social media systems, such as Facebook and Twitter. Social network analysis is a type of data analysis that investigates social relationships and st
4、ructures as represented by networks (which can also be called graphs). Social media, given that it reflects relationships inherently, is a key source of data for social network analysis; conversely, social network analysis is one key type of social media analysis. In all, the panel discussed five co
5、re business cases for employing social media analysis and social network analysis in law enforcement: 1. Social media analysis: Monitoring for activity indicating short-term safety threats in postings, and communicating responses as needed. 2. Social network analysis, possibly with social media data
6、: Identifying those at high risk for involvement in violence. 3. Social media analysis: Actively monitoring the highrisk to see whether violence may be imminent. 4. Social media analysis and social network analysis: Investigating organized crime networks.IKey Findings Expert panelists characterized
7、business cases for employing social media and social network analysis in law enforcement, including monitoring for short-term safety threats in postings; identifying those at high risk of involvement in violence, either acutely or chronically; and investigating specific crimes and organized crime ne
8、tworks. The panel also specified a core case not to do: monitoring of First Amendmentprotected activity for vague purposes. The panel specified a framework for providing computer security, privacy, and civil rights protections when employing social media and social network analysis. Finally, the pan
9、el identified and prioritized needs for innovation related to social media and social network analysis. The four themes of this innovation agenda are (1) supporting working with communities to develop policies and strategies for using social media analysis and social network analysis; (2) technical
10、development, starting with assessing current tools and how they might be better tailored to law enforcement; (3) law enforcementspecific training on these types of analysis; and (4) creation of a help desk to help law enforcement agencies navigate requests to social media companies and interpret the
11、 resulting data.25. Social media analysis and social network analysis: Investigating crimes. The panel also discussed one core case not to do: 1. Monitoring First Amendmentprotected activity for vague or unspecified purposes. The panel identified a framework for providing computer security and prote
12、cting privacy and civil rights. This framework is shown in Figure S.1 and consists of the following types of protections: Data protections ensure that legal backing is there for all data collected for law enforcement purposes; that covert and undercover operations using social media analysis similar
13、ly have legal backing; and that the collected information is protected from both external and insider threats. Analysis protections similarly ensure that legal backing is there for all law enforcement analyses, and that analysis results are protected from external and insider threats. More broadly,
14、these protections help ensure equitable justice outcomes by protecting against inaccuracies and biases. Action protections ensure that policing practices are not distorted and that both enforcement and social service actions are employed consistently and equitably.The core business cases and protect
15、ion framework elements are outlined in this report. Reflecting both the business cases and the protection framework, the expert panel identified a series of needs for innovation to better support the use of social media and social network analysis in law enforcement. These needs fall across four the
16、mes that define an innovation agenda (Figure S.2) to support the appropriate and sustainable use of these tools for public safety purposes. The first part of our expert panels innovation agenda is to support working with communities to develop policies and strategies for using social media and social network analysis. Here, the initial recommendations relate to developing and disseminating best practices for transpare
