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1、Unit 4 A good read,Grammar,To learn to use question words + to-infinitives To learn to use must and have to,Objectives,Words and phrases review,vi. 交；递，给 上交，递交 等等 n. 评论 vt. 归还 准时 vt. 续借；更新；重新开始,hand hand in and so on review return on time renew,Fill in the blanks.,1. Some dogs just dont know _ fun.
2、2. Im thinking about _. 3. I was just wondering _ the morning 4. I _ go to the greengrocers. 5. He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he _ stay in bed for a week. 6. Eddie, I think we _ go up again.,how to have,what to wear,how to spend,must,must,have to,7. We dont _ feed her much. 8. Do you _ water i
3、t now? 9. Have you decided _ with these books, Hobo? 10. I _ use them to reach the box on the fridge. 11. I did not know _ either. 12. “I must run away from them,” I thought, but I did not know _ away.,have to,have to,what to do,have to,what to say,how to get,I dont know what _ next. A. will do B. d
4、oing C. do D. to do Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. may D. need,以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据 之前练习的考察情 况进一步选择讲解 该语法项的重难点。,Using question words + to-infinitives,我们可以用“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。疑问词包括疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等。常和“疑问词
5、+ 动词不定式”结构连用的动词和动词短语有：tell, show, think, learn, know, wonder, decide, remember, forget, understand, see, hear, ask, advise, explain, find out等。,The young woman doesnt know what to do. 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。 I dont know what to say. 我不知道说什么。 We must know how to operate the machine. 我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。 We want to l
6、earn how to write plays. 我们想要学习如何写剧本。,The teacher told the students how to do the experiment. 老师告诉学生如何做实验。 Can you show me how to make a paper boat? 你能给我演示怎样做一只纸船吗？,有些动词，如advise, ask, show, teach, tell等，其后可以接双宾语。,有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 I dont know which to
7、pic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。 在“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure, clear等的形容词。 I am not sure which way to take. 我不确定走哪条路。,“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句中还 可以作主语和表语。 How to use the machine is a question. （作主语） The question is when to go there. （作表语）,“疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get
8、 to the bookshop? = Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?,注意： 所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。,Using must and have to,must与have to是两个常用的情态动词，两词后面都接动词原形。在使用时，应注意两词间的差别。 must 表示主语“有义务”的“必须”做某事，强调说话人的主观看法，主要用于肯定句和疑问句；must 还可以表示肯定推测，意思是“一定”。 have to 强调的是客观需要，意思是“不得不”。have to 有人称和数的变化。,I must
9、 work hard at my lessons. 我必须努力学习功课。(主观意愿） I have to look after mother at home. For she is ill. 我得在家照看妈妈，因为她病了。(客观需要） It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了。他现在得回家了。(客观需要）,must的否定形式是must not，其缩写为mustnt，表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。 have to的否定形式是do not have to，其缩写为dont have to。 You mustnt make any noise
10、in class. 上课时你们不许吵闹。 You dont have to water the flowers. For it is going to rain. 你们不必浇花了，因为要下雨了。,Time for reflection,不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。 must表示主观的义务和必要，意思是“必须，得，要”，否定形式是must not; must还可以表示肯定推测，意思是“一定”。 have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，否定形式是do not have
11、 to。,1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. (2007河南) A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where 2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera? (2007安徽) A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I,I. 单项选择。,3. This physics problem is too difficult. C
12、an you show me _, Wang Lin? Sure. (2008陕西) A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it,4. We need a new leader for our Helping Hands Club, but I dont know _. Why not Mary? She is always willing to help others. (2011江苏南通) A. what to choose B. how to choos
13、e C. when to choose D. who to choose,5. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know _. (2012甘肃鸡西) A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 6. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ get to the nearest post office? Sorry, I am new here. (2013山东威海) A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can,7
14、. Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you. (2013山东青岛) A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park 8. _ I swim here? Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here. (2012广东) A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can,9. Dad, must we
15、wait until the light becomes green? Yes, Im afraid we _. Thats the traffic rule. (2013河南) A. can B. may C. have to D. need 10. Students in our school _ know shouting is not allowed in the library. (2013山东莱芜) A. can B. may C. must D. need,When I go into the clothes shop, I always cant decide _ one to buy. 2. My grandfather doesnt know _ to use a computer. 3. - Will you please show me _ to drive a car? - Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _ to do first. 4. I will tell Lucy _ and _ to meet.,
