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1、定语从句的翻译,语序,Examples I cannot bear the sight of that man.原译：我无法忍受看见那个人。改译：我一看到那个人就难受。,It is a document which must be considered as positive support for the Second United Nations Development Decade.原译：这个文件必须被看作是对第二个联合国发展十年的积极支持。改译：这个文件必须视为对联合国第二个发展十年的积极支持。,定语词序和定语从句,单词后置定语词序的调整 1. 一些以“able 或 “ible 结尾的
2、形容词。They are trying their best to get all the assistance possible.我们正竭尽全力争取得到一切可能得到的帮助。,We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here.我们为了及时赶到这里，历经了可能想见的最大困难。,2. 一些表示时间、地点的副词。 The strong dollar abroad has reduced exports and increased imports.国外美元坚挺已使出口下降，进口增加。,3. 修饰由some any no every 等构成的不
3、定代词的定语 If there is anything wrong with the car, call for maintenance.如果汽车出了什么毛病，找维修工来。,She can see nothing remarkable in her boss.她看不出老板有任何出众的地方。,两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整一般而言，英语中由两个或两个以上的单词作前置定语时，其词序的基本排列原则是：由词义范围小的到词义范围大的、由次要的到重要的、由程度弱的到程度强的、由一般到专有。然而，汉语中这类前置定语的词序排列则往往相反。,Practical social activities A smal
4、l round wooden table A big white stone buildingThe two good-natured, old, English, gentlemen Some sour green eating apples A powerful, industrial, socialist country,社会实践活动 一张木制小圆桌一幢白色的石头建成的大楼 两位善良的英国老人几个能吃的青色酸苹果社会主义工业强国,All competent university scientists should be supported to do work of their own
5、choice.应该支持大学里所有合格的科学家从事自己选择的研究。,中心词兼有前置定语和后置定语英文句子中，假若某个中心词既有前置定语，又有介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语做后置定语，译成汉语时，一般须将后置定语调整为前置定语，而原有的前置定语位置视情况而定。,The old professor in spectacles is the head of the English Department.那个戴眼镜的老教授是英语系主任。,APEC too will face different problems arising from growing up.亚太经济合作组织也将面临发展过程中出现的各种
6、问题。,定语从句翻译,1. 前置译法，合译法 若定语从句较短，较简单，与名词（ 先行词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限制性从句；不紧密的，为非限制性从句）， 限制性定语从句 及少部分非限制性从句( 较短且有描述性的非限定)， 一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成 “ 。的”,A man who doesnt try to learn from others can not hope to achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多少成就的。,There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happ
7、y life. 全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。,We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome. 给我们留下极深印象的是：（ 同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人， 对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。,2）后置译法，分译法若定从较复杂， 或与先行词的关系疏松，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的前面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，不符合汉
8、语表达习惯时, 一般用分译法将从句译成一个句子。,Semi-conductor is a new kind of material, which has found a wide application in electronics industry.半导体市一种新材料，这种材料在电子工业中获得了广泛应用。,先翻主句，再翻从句，重复关系代词所指代的名词。（ 英汉两种语言的差异，英语要避免重复，汉语喜欢重复，因此，将指示代词明确之后，重复出来）,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese
9、 and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，（ 然而），在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,Kissenger and his small group of aides toured the Forbidden City , where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor. 基辛格及其一小组随从参观了故宫，从前的中国皇帝曾在这里（这故宫）过着奢华显赫的生
10、活。,At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than others.席间，我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆乏味的女孩子中间；她( 这个女孩)看上去比其余人都年轻。,3. 定语从句后置，省略关系代词所指代的含义，不翻译出来。,After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续
11、进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。,When she was lost to his view, he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky, where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly. 直到看不见她了，他才往家里走去，不时抬头望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。,4. 融合法这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。具体作法是，将原主句的的词或词组用作独立句的主语，再将定语从句用作谓语，这样便译成独立句,There are many people who wa
12、nt to buy this book.许多人想买这本书。,There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有个女孩人要见你。,What were the hopes and dreams that had made of them the incredibly stubborn warriors?是什么希望，什么理想使他们成为顽强到令人难以置信的战士呢？,5. 分译连词法 翻译成状语从句 将关系代词转换成连词英语定语从句尤其是非限制性定语从句有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。,Electronic
13、computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.虽然电子计算机有很多优点，但它们不能进行创造性工作，因此代替不了人。（定语译成状语）,Each course which a student attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. 学生所上的每门课都将给他一个学分，当学生把所得学分累加到一定数量就可以获得一个学位。,assignment,1. Business is a combinat
14、ion of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.,2. Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective government.,3. He was born on July 29, 1976 but unfortun
15、ately his father died the day before in an unprecedented earthquake.,4. He did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question.,5. Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an id
16、ealist.,6. In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.,总结,1. 详细阐述opshacom的确切含义，列举两个含有5个以上不同类型形容词的词组，并翻译。2. 定语从句前置法和后置法应用上的区别，各举一例并翻译。3. 简述定语从句融合法的翻译，举一例并翻译。,经典,3. He was born on July 29, 1976 but unfortunately his father died the day before in an unprecedented earthquake. 他生于1976年7月29日，但不幸的是他父亲在一个前所木有的地震前一天去世了。,经典,3. He was born on July 29, 1976 but unfortunately his father died the day before in an unprecedented earthquake. 他生于1976年7月29日，那场空前的地震中，不幸的是他父亲死在了前一天。,
