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1、Air Pollution in China,Introduction,We all know that clean air is important to good health. Wherever you go and whatever you do, you are always surrounded by a sea of gases that we call air. If there are impurities in the air, they may be absorbed by our bodies and make us ill. We need clean air, bu
2、t unfortunately, air pollution is globally at present, especially in cities.,What is air pollution?,Air pollution normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concerntrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials.,PM2.5 : Particles less than 2.5 microme
3、ters in diameter are called “fine“particles. These particles, approximately 1/30 in average width of a human hair, can lodge deeply into the lungs. Sources of fine particles include all types of combustion, including power plants, motor vehicles and residential wood burning.,China is suffering the w
4、orlds heaviest PM2.5 pollution.,Here comes the question,Which cities and districts in China suffer the highest concentrations of PM2.5?（PM2.5浓度到底哪家强？）,Beijing City Lab probably gave us a definitive answer. Senior engineers estimated 1-year-daily (From Apr.1 ,2013 to Mar.31,2014)PM2.5 concentration a
5、t the street level for the whole China using both ground observations and remote sensing images(在地观测和遥感）. By Dr Ying Long, Dr Jianghao Wang and Dr Kang Wu., From an urban perspective,is it hard to say?,This is the direct result of an over reliance on coal. In 2009 China burned nearly half of the wor
6、lds coal, and coal accounts for nearly 70% of Chinas energy mix.,Vehicle pollution has become an important source of air pollution in our country, is the important cause of the haze, photochemical smog pollution.,Understanding the AQI(Air Quality Index ),EPA( U.S Environmental Protection Agency)calc
7、ulates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. For each of these pollutants, EPA has established national air quality standards to protect p
8、ublic health .Ground-level ozone and airborne particles are the two pollutants that pose the greatest threat to human health in this country.,The purpose of the AQI is to help you understand what local air quality means to your health. To make it easier to understand, the AQI is divided into six cat
9、egories.,Effects of Air Pollution,Health effectParticles smaller than about 5m, can penetrate to the lungs and be deposited in the alveoil.Some chemicals can enter the human bloodstream either from the digestive system or passing through the reapiratory system. Effects on plants and animalslower ani
10、mal value or survival capabilitylower the value of crops,fruits,flowerssome plants are very sensitive to air pollution Effect on materialsaccelerated aging and deterioration of materials and aesthetic items,such as buildings, status or horticultural plantings.,Health hazards,current status,酸雨污染 Acid
11、 rain 城市环境空气质量 Urban air quality 室内空气污染 Indoor air quality 健康与经济损失 Health and economic loss,Laws Framework and Management,basic law: 环境保护法是中国环境保护的基本法 大气法 环境影响评价法 环境保护行政法规和规章 Regulations 环境保护地方性法规和规章 Local regulations 环境标准 Standards 环境保护国际公约 Convention 环评影响评价制度 EIA 总量控制制度 Total Amount Control 总量收费制度
12、Fee Levying 许可证制度 Permit 达标排放制度 Compliance of Standard,Problems,1. The consumption of coal and low energy efficiency.2. Enterprise can not meet emission ST.3. Vehicular Emission control is not effective enough.4. TSP and PM pollution are heavy.5. Indoor air quality control has just begin.6. Climate Change have not been stressed., Improve urban air quality Enhance the point source Control the vehicular emission Comprehensive measures,Future Priorities, APEC blue oreconomic growth? ,A tricky choice for now .,APEC,Air Pollution Eventually Controlled,Thank you for watching!,
