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1、General Knowledge of English Speaking Countries,Ms. Gao 高兰心 Exam Review,Periods 1 and 2: Exam Review Period 3: Christmas songs and movie Elf,Great job on your performances!,Hot potato,What is an “empire”?,“The _ never sets on the British Empire.”What does this mean?,At its biggest, the British empir
2、e was the largest empire in history. By 1922 the British Empire controlled over about 458,000,000 people, 1/5 of the worlds population at the time.,Because of the size of the British empire, English is spoken all over the world today,Why do countries want to have colonies?,Before the British Empire,
3、 there was the _ empire.,Before the British Empire, there was the ROMAN EMPIRE,The legacy (遗产) of the Romans is extremely important. Roman ideas, literature, art and architecture have influenced many people around the world.,Who is this? What did he do?,Julius Caesar-one of the most powerful Roman e
4、mperors (皇帝),In 55 BC, Julius Caesar led the first Romans journeys to Britain .,Roman Empire 25 BC,The second Roman Emperor to go to Britain was _,Claudius,Almost 100 years later, Emperor (皇帝) Claudius tried to conquer (征服) Britain, and he was successful.,In 43 AD he ordered a Roman army into Britai
5、n. Within 35 years, they were all over England and Wales and started moving into Scotland. Because the Romans were LITERATE (they could read and write), British history starts with their arrival (到来).,Game 2,Line up in two teams I will ask the person at the beginning of the line a question If the st
6、udent answers correctly, he or she can sit down. If a students answers INcorrectly, he or she should go to the back of his line. The winning team was the first team with no one left standing in line.,Who made Christianity the most popular religion in Britain?,St. Augustine,Pope Gregory I sent St. Au
7、gustine to Britain to convert (变) the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity (基督教) in 597 AD. Within 100 years, Christianity had become the most popular religion in Britain,What is Westminster Abbey?,A church A cathedral (大教堂) in London,Westminster Abbey,Who had Westminster Abbey built?,King Edward the Confes
8、sor built Westminster Abbey (僧院) in 1052.,King Edward the Confessor,What is feudalism?,Feudalism is.,A political, social and economic system The king is the most powerful person in this system Every person under the king should be loyal to him,The king needed a way to control his land. So, he made a
9、n agreement with nobles. The nobles were given a large part of the kings land (called fiefs or manors). In return, they had to pay “homage and fealty“ (尊敬) to the king. They did this by always supporting the king, governing the land that was given them, and being ready to provide troops (军队) and fig
10、ht for the king when needed.,Who is the most powerful person in a feudalist society?,The King,Who is the least powerful person in a feudalist society?,The peasants and serfs,In a feudalist society, who had more power: the knights (骑士 ) or the merchants?,The knights,Feudalism,Pope = leader of the chu
11、rch King = leader of the kingdom/government Nobles =贵族 Knights = 骑士 Vassals =附庸 Merchants =商人 Farmers =农民 Craftspeople =手工艺 Peasants =农民, peasants and serfs were 90% of people Serfs =农奴,Who goes where?,.,When someone has a lot of power but they misuse (滥用) or abuse their power, we say they are _,cor
12、rupt (贪污),What was the name of the document (文件) signed in 1215 by King John to stop him from misusing his power?,The Magna Carta,King John signing the Magna Carta in 1215,In the 1200s, King John of England wanted to go to war with France In order to go to war, he needed a lot of money and resources
13、 He started asking the serfs/peasants for too much money,So.,To stop King John, the lords forced King John to agree to the MAGNA CARTA,What is the Magna Carta? A legal charter (法律章程) It protected the rights of those with less power than the king.,Why was is the Magna Carta important even today?,Beca
14、use the Magna Carta,Inspired the British and US constitutions,When was the “middle ages”? From when to when?,The “Middle Ages”,The Middle Ages is the period of European history from the 5th to the 15th centuries Begins with the fall of the Western Roman Empire Ends with the beginning of the Renaissa
15、nce (文艺复兴),Who was Christopher Columbus? What did he do?,1492: Christopher Columbus,Discovers America “In 1492, Columbus sailed the Ocean blue.” Colonization of America begins,In the Middle Ages in Britain, BOTH the King and the Church (pope) had a lot of power If the King and the Church agreed, the
16、n everything was fine BUT, sometimes they did not agree,“reform” means _,Religious Reformation,Religious =宗教, related to religion and the church Reform = 改革, change,King Henry VIII is very important because _,King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon To do this, he said he was more powerful than the Catholic church and the Pope This split the church into Catholics (天主教徒) and Protestants (新教徒),
