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1、四级专项训练,作文应试技巧,作文应试技巧,一、写作基本要求 二、引言段的写作 三、结尾段的写作 四、写作词语运用技巧 五、写作套路,写作基本要求,一、确定文体 1）记叙文 环境（where）、人物（who）、情节（what）、时间顺序往往是记叙手法的基本线索，用一些表示时间的词语（如：when，while，before，after，then，during，suddenly，at last等等）把一系列事件和动作连接起来，构成一个完整的叙述。 E.g.: An Early Morning Walk,写作基本要求,提纲： 1、One morning I got up very early, and
2、 everything around was very quiet. 2、When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there 3、Taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise.,写作基本要求,2）描写文 空间顺序往往是描写手法的基本线索，用一些表示空间的词语（如here，there，outside，on the top of，in the middle，around，above，under，near等等
3、）把一系列地点和物体连接起来，构成一个完整的叙述。,写作基本要求,As I came into my cousins bedroom, I got really surprised, for I had never seen such a mess and disorder in the room of a young man of 16 years old already. On the right wall, a row of hooks was covered with dirty sweet-shirts and filthy hats. Directly in front of me
4、 was a dusty desk, on which scattered lots of books, some of which were open as if waiting for my lazy brothers attention; others were piled up in disorder ready to slide down at any moment. Near the desk, there was a toppled poor chair on the floor with one leg damaged. Whats worse, the bed which w
5、as against the left wall was a more serious mess and the pairs of sports shoes and socks under the bed gave out a terrible smell. What a room at sixes and sevens!,写作基本要求,3）说明文 写作目的着重客观陈述、解释说明，例如“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”, “My Ideal Job”等。 4）议论文 着重于发表自己看法，依靠推理和论证来阐述自己的观点，力图说服读者
6、，使人相信某种道理或某种假设；或要影响别人，使人追随自己所指示的方向。 E.g.: Examination,写作基本要求,提纲： 1、There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of examination. 2、For both examiners and examinees, the examination can show what and how much the examinees have mastered. 3、In sum, examination does more good that har
7、m for both examiners and examinees.,写作基本要求,二、评价一篇文章好坏的标准 一篇优秀作文的标准为： 1内容切题，有较好的谋篇构段框架，文章结构完整；紧扣主题，转承衔接自然； 2语法基本正确，句法基本准确，句子与句子、段落之间过渡连贯； 3用词面广，遣词造句得当，句式、句型有变化，字数符合要求； 4层次分明，说理清楚，语言流畅，内容充实。 一篇较差的作文表现为： 1文章不通顺，无段落，无结构，无明显主题； 2出现很多基本语法错误和拼写错误； 3词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达能力； 4不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连贯的词语凑到一起。,文章解析 1）,In t
8、he past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet, while the proportion of some high-energy food, such as milk, meat has increased. What caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First
9、, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain. In the old days, people couldnt afford them. Now they have enough money to buy meat and milk. Second, people of nowadays pay more attention to the structure of their diet. They are seeking the most reasonable
10、 diet structure which will do good to their health. In short, there have been changes in peoples diet in the past five years and there will be changes in the future, too.,文章解析 2）,In the past five years peoples diet had changed quite a lot. The grain was no longer the main food of peoples diet. It de
11、creased from 49% to 45%. And the possession of the fruit and vegetables was declined, either. But, however, the necessary of the milk and meat was increased with no doubt. Such case owned to two reasons. On the one hand, the level of peoples lives had greatly advanced. More and more people could aff
12、ord the expensive food. On the other hand, modern science had been developed with high speed. Then people began to be aware of choosing more useful food. With the developing of the society, peoples diet will change more greatly.,文章解析 3）,Diet is very important in peoples life. In past five, there is
13、a big change in all kinds of food. For example, Grain. In 1986 it takes 40 percent in Diet in after four years. It decrease 4 per cent in diet; Milk increase 3 per cent in last five years. It grows to 13 per cent in Diet; Meat in 1986-1989, it kept to grow up. An in 1990, it down 2 per cent; Fruit a
14、nd vegetables is decrease in last five years. Why it will have these changes. It is two side, the first is people began to see that Milk. Meat. Fruit and Vegetable are very importance in peoples bodies, the other is peoples life is quite good. They have enough money to buy Meat, Milk, Etc. They know
15、 how to build them bodies. In last five years. Big changes in peoples Diet. It call us more and more people know. Share them Diet and build them bodies.,写作基本要求,三、写作要领 1、审题构思，在获取一个文章题目后，首先根据题目要求进行思维联想，分析题目表达的主要内容和主旨。 2、谋篇构段，草拟提纲。通过分析题目的内容和主旨，将大脑中形成的信息、资料，分类整理，列出写作提纲、主题句，进行文章段落的筹划（三段作文法） 3、组段成篇，初步成文。将
16、以上的构思内容、提纲、相关主题句，通过句子扩展，初步整理形成一篇草稿文字。 4、加工修改，润色定稿。对文章草稿修改润色，以加强文章的说明力及感染力。,引言段的写作,一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用犹如段落的主题句。引言段的写作取决于写作目的，读者和文章体裁。一个好的引言既可开宗明义地点明主题，又可吸引并暗示读者正文的内容及表达方法以引导读者进行有效阅读。请看下面介绍的引言段的写作方法。 1、演绎法 将主题句放在段首。开门见山推出文章主题，使读者对文章将要讨论的内容一目了然，然后列举文章所要讨论的细节。这些细节排列决定了文章的正文内容的安排，这符合人类从概念到具体的思维方式。,引言段：Englis
17、h is among the most difficult subjects to learn. First, English pronunciation is quite different from that of Chinese. Second, it has a large vocabulary. Finally, idioms are really troublesome. They are usually not grammatical, and even if they are grammatical, we may fail to arrive at their meanings.,
