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1、Period Three ,Grammar & Writing,写作专题 如何介绍一个地方,语法专题 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态&主谓一致,栏目索引,语法精析,语法专题,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成是“be过去分词”。,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态&主谓一致,二、使用被动语态的情况 1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.
2、李明被选为会议的主席。 2.只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。Paper was first made in China. 纸最早是在中国制造的。,三、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者am/is/are过去分词(by动作的执行者)。 I am often told to be careful by my mother. 妈妈经常告诉我要小心。 2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者was/were过去分词(by动作的执行者)。 The boy was hit by a car yesterday. 这个男孩昨天被车撞
3、了。 The chairs were repaired yesterday morning. 这些椅子昨天上午修过了。,四、不用被动语态的情况 1.某些实义动词(sell，wash，write，wear等)的主动形式后跟副词(well，badly，easily等)表示被动意义，这种“动词副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。 The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲作为生日礼物送给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。,2.对系动词而言，如：feel，taste，so
4、und，become，seem等，一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。 这种食品尝起来美味可口。 正The food tastes delicious. 误The food is tasted delicious. 3.表示状态的动词，如：lack，fit，mean，hold，have，contain，resemble等，不用于被动语态。 简长得像莉莲。 正Jane resembles Lilian. 误Lilian is resembled by Jane.,4.不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail，happen，lie，sit，break ou
5、t，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，take place等没有被动语态。 The war broke out in 1986. 那场战争爆发于1986年。,即时跟踪1 (1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 Why did you leave that position? I (offer) a better position at IBM. More than a dozen students in that school (send) abroad to study foreign language last year. Linda，make sure the
6、 tables (set) before the guests arrive. A piano concert (give) in Jinan last Saturday. Once harm (do) to the nervous system of people，it can hardly be recovered.,答案,was offered,were sent,are set,was given,is done,(2)句型转换 The teacher told the children a story. The children a story by the teacher. Dif
7、ferent cooks in different parts of China cook dishes in different ways. Dishes in different ways by different cooks in different parts of China. They watched the children sing that morning. The children were watched that morning. The city is visited by about 20,000 tourists every day. About 20,000 t
8、ourists the city every day. The students are made to do a lot of homework. Teachers the students a lot of homework.,答案,were,told,are,cooked,to,sing,visit,make,do,主谓一致 一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须一致。本模块出现的是集合名词、代词(neither，none，each)作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况。下面就它们的用法进行讲解。 1.一些集合名词，如：family，team，class，band，committee，gove
9、rnment，group，public等用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。,特别提示：集合名词cattle，people，police作主语时，谓语常用复数。 记忆秘诀：牛群爱人民警察。 People are working hard in the field. 人们在地里辛勤地劳作着。 The police are searching for the escaped prisoners. 警察正在搜寻逃跑的罪犯。,2.当两个主语由or，either.or.，neither.nor.或not only.but also.等连接时，谓语动词要与最后的
10、主语一致，即我们常说的“就近原则”。 Li Ming，or you，are going to meet the foreign guests at the airport. 李明或者你将去机场接外国朋友。 Neither the Smiths nor their son supports the plan. 史密斯夫妇和他们的儿子都不赞成这个计划。 特别提示：(1)both.and.连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Both you and I are interested in football. 我和你都对足球感兴趣。,(2)由as well as，along with，together
11、with，in addition to，including，rather than，except，besides等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数取决于该词之前的主语。 The students as well as their English teacher have attended the meeting. 学生和他们的英语老师都参加了这次会议。 A woman，together with some girls，is coming up to us. 一位妇女和一些女孩正朝我们走过来。,3.代词either和neither常作单数看待，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Either of the
12、 books is written by my mother. 这两本书中的一本是我妈妈写的。 Neither of you is fit for the job. 你们两个都不适合这份工作。 4.代词none常被视为复数，但有时也用作单数。作主语时，谓语动词既可用复数形式也可用单数形式。 None of them have/has yet turned up at the party. 他们都没在晚会上出现。 None of the money is left.没剩下钱。,5.each在意义上属于单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student in our class works
13、 hard. 我们班里的每个学生都学习刻苦。 Each of the women workers works as long as 12 hours every day. 每名女工每天都工作长达12个小时。,即时跟踪2 (1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 None of us (have) a car. Cattle (drink) at the pool over there. His family very big and all of his family fond of sports.(be) Each citizen over 18 years old in our country (h
14、ave) the right to vote. Jack as well as his parents (like) music.,答案,have/has,are drinking,is,are,has,likes,(2)单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) Mike is the only one of the boys who have been to China. Three months have passed since I came to the school. Physics are considered difficult by most of the students. The b
15、asketball coach，as well as his team，were interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. Water is important to us so the United States have launched campaigns to save water.,答案,has,has,is,was,has,.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(2016全国) 2.The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world. (2016四川) 3.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. (2016全国) 4.Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国),
