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1、Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成:,have/has + 过去分词（过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。 规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记 ）,1、Regular verbs（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）,(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived,过去分词,几种？,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”，再加“ e
2、d ”。 ， study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped,2、Irregular verbs: （过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样）,havehadhad spend spentspent makemademaden saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard,ABB,Irregular verbs: （过去分词与过去式形式不一样 ）,taketookta
3、ken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone,ABC,Irregular verbs: （过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样 ）,cutcutcut put putput letletlet readreadread,AAA,Irregular verbs: （过去分词与动词原形一样 ）,ABA,A.肯定句主语助动词have has + 动词过去分词 + B.否定句主语助动词have has + not + 动词过去分词+ C.一般疑问句助动词Have Has +主语+动词过去分词+,肯定
4、回答：,否定回答：,Yes,主语+have/has,No,主语 + have/has not,havent/hasnt,二、句式,D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语 +动词过去分词+,现在完成时的用法,强调动作_ 在过去， 到现在。强调动作对现在的 。 2）强调动作 在过去， 到现在。强调动作持续时间的 。,发生,影响,影响,开始,持续,长短,用法一：,表示过去的发生的动作对现在造成的的影响或结果。即它的“完成用法”常与 already“已经”，just“刚刚”，ever“曾经”，yet“尚，还”，never“从来没有”,before“在以前”等连用.,例如： I have
5、 just cleaned my clothes我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。 对比： I cleaned my clothes yesterday . 我昨天洗了衣服， 强调的是我昨天洗了衣服这件事。,它的时间状语通常为already“已经”，just“刚刚”，ever“曾经”，yet“尚，还”，never“从来没有”,before“在以前”等。already 多用于肯定句 Eg: I have already finished it . just 一般用于肯定句中，谓语动词前 I have just met him. yet 用于否定句
6、和疑问句尾 eg: Has he finished his homework yet ? ever 多用于疑问句 Eg: Has Jane ever been to Shanghai ?,用already，just，ever，yet，never填空1. Have you _ visited the Geat Wall? 2.He has _ finished his homework, so he can go to play basketball . 3.He has_left, when you come back. 4.Have you watered the plants _ ? 5.
7、I have _seen such an interesting film before.,ever,already,just,yet,never,注意：already用于 句；yet 用于 句句尾,肯定,否定/疑问,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already. 2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet? 3.Tom _ never_ (be to ) China. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father.,have had,arrived,has,been to,has,seen,用法二：for+一段时间sin
8、ce+一个时间点since+一段时间 agosince+一般过去时句子 E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years.Kate has lived here since 2000.Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态,并且有可能再持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用,用since或者for填空 1. My brother has worked in this sho
9、ol _ 2006. 2. The Germans have lived in the city _ ten yeas. 3. I have had this book _ two days ago.,since,for,since,IV.分清 for和since的用法 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he c
10、ame to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,Fill in the blanks,have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in,have/has gone to:去了某地（已经去了或在途中，还没有返回）； have/has been to:去过某地（曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语）; have/
11、has been in/at:呆在某地（表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语）。,B,A,A,B,B,A,stay,Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom? -He the bookshop to buy some books.,I Beijing for 5 years.,Jack Shanghai twice.,has gone to,have been in,has been to,英语动词,延续性动词,终止性动词,begin, start, die, buy, l
12、eave, come,不能与表示一段时间的状语：for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.,终止性表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg. 我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词,begin, start, die, buy, le
13、ave, come,常见短暂性动词转化为延续性动词的有,come/go-be leave- be away (from) come/arrive-be in/at +地点 begin/start-be on die-be dead buy-have borrow- keep catch a cold -have a cold close- be closed join- be a member of be in + 组织名称 fall ill-be ill,come/go- leave- come/arrive- begin/start- die- buy- borrow- catch a cold - close- join- fall ill-,
