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1、E-C Translation Lesson Four,contents,1. assignment (1) 2. the understanding and confirmation of word meaning/signification 3. examples 4. assignment (2),Assignment 1,Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hollow? Suddenly these
2、clichs are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.,introduction,A Bouquet for Miss Benson (Excerpt) Paul Villard Miss Benson was the kindest, sweetest, most beautiful creature that ever walked the earth. She was my second-grade teacher, and I was going to marr
3、y her when I grew upif she would wait. I would sit squirming in my seat for the entire morning to keep from raising my hand. I could not bear to miss one precious moment of her presence by leaving the room.,My hand was always the first to be raised, however, when Miss Benson called for volunteers to
4、 clean the blackboards or to gather papers and bring them to her desk. That was the best chore of all. It made possible getting near enough to her to close out the others in the classroom. I would arrange and rearrange the papers. They had to be in perfect order before I would make my reluctant way
5、back to my seat.,译文之一卞老师是世界上最亲切可爱、美得出奇的人。她是我二年级的老师，我长大了一定要娶她只要她肯等我。我常常一整个上午都憋在座位上扭来扭去，就是不举手。有她在教室，一时一刻都很宝贵，我舍不得出去。但是，老师如果问谁愿意擦黑板，谁愿意收卷子交到讲台上，我总是头一个举手。这可是最美的差事了。可以撇开班上的同学，接近她，我会把卷子理了又理，放得整整齐齐，才依依不舍地回到座位上去。,sweet creaturesquirmpapers best chore close out,English lexicology (III),8,Word Meaning,Concept
6、ual Meaning,AssociativeMeaning,Stylistic meaning,Collocative meaning,Affective meaning,Connotative meaning,GrammaticalMeaning,Lexical Meaning,Word Meaning,Connotative meaning For people with different cultural backgrounds, a word might evoke different associations.,Stylistic meaning Degrees of forma
7、lity Formal Common Informal/ Colloquial slang Examples male parent, father, daddy residence, home, pad,Affective meaning,Popular saying about word meaning,Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for wordsNo context, no text.You know a word by the company it keeps.,How to confirm/determine t
8、he word meaning ?,from the textbook1. grammatical analysis 2. context analysis 3. logic reasoning 4. extension of word meaning,examples,1. I have been to Edinburgh just for two days, and my brothers have followed in the train of my trip.,我到达爱丁堡刚刚两天，我的兄弟们就循着我的行踪到来了。,2. He stood up for them.He stood u
9、p to them.John escaped prison.John escaped from prison.,他拥护他们。他反抗他们。约翰没进监狱。约翰越狱了。,3. The smoke betrayed where the dwelling lay. He got married accepting a leap-year proposal. It is no proof that one cannot do a thing because one does not like it.,炊烟起处有人家。他接受女方提出的求婚而结婚了。不喜欢做并不是不能做的证明。,A woman who has
10、 an elaborate scheme to propose to her boyfriend on Leap Day, an Irish tradition which occurs every time the date February 29 rolls around, faces a major setback when bad weather threatens to derail her planned trip to Dublin. With the help of an innkeeper, however, her cross-country odyssey just mi
11、ght result in her getting engaged. Director: Anand Tucker Writers: Deborah Kaplan, Harry Elfont,Leap Year Proposal,The right of every women to propose on 29th February each leap year, goes back many hundreds of years to when the leap year day had no recognition in English law (the day was lept over
12、and ignored, hence the term leap year). It was considered, therefore, that as the day had no legal status, it was reasonable to assume that traditions also had no status. Consequently, women who were concerned about being left on the shelf took advantage of this anomaly and proposed to the man they
13、wished to marry. It was also thought that since the leap year day corrected the discrepancy between the calendar year of 365 days and the time taken for the Earth to complete one orbit of the sun (365 days and 6 hours), it was an opportunity for women to correct a tradition that was one-sided and un
14、just.,4. It is so easy now to see the irony of smoking: Children do it to be like adults, who smoke but wish they didnt. 如今，吸烟的讽刺意味是显而易见的孩子们抽烟是为了模仿大人，而吸烟的大人们却后悔自己学会了吸烟。,5. The present crisis in that country is no ordinary economic crisis which will pass away in time leaving everything much as it was
15、 before. 这个国家当前的危机根本不是一般的经济危机，它不会过些时候就一切恢复如初。,6. Your sentences should be direct and straightforward, not too long or too complicated for others to grasp easily. 你写的句子应直截了当，开门见山，不要写得又长又复杂，让别人不好懂。,7. A personnel deficit has existed for years. Hanoi romanced its Asian neighbors for six years before winning its membership in ASEAN.,deficit (economics)赤字;不足，缺少 人员短缺的情况已经存在好多年了。romance和（某人）谈情说爱；追求(某人) 河内对其邻国进行了六年的亲善努力后成为了东盟的一员。,Assignment (2),Further reading:林纪熹. 英语形似句辨异. 福建人民出版社. 1982 钱歌川. 翻译的技巧. 商务印书馆. 1982 林相周. 英语理解与翻译讲话. 上海译文出版社. 1985,
