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1、,Revision,概念:,主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。,主谓一致三原则,语法一致原则：,指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.,Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.,意义一致原则：,指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。,My family are having
2、lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.,就近一致原则：,指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.,Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.,There is a pen and some books on the desk.,提 示： 一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.,名词作主语,
3、1. 单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。,The desk is Toms.,Some water is in the bottle.,The students are playing football on the playground.,2. 某些集体名词，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。,His family is a happy one.,The whole family are watching
4、 TV.,3. 某些集体名词，如people, police, clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。,The police are searching for the thief.,4. 单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer,fish, Chinese, Japanese 主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。,A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.,5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。,The doctors is across the stree
5、t. My uncles is not far from here.,常见的省略名词有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理发店）, the Zhangs（张家）等。,注: the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。,The Greens are having breakfast now.,6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。,The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table.,但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair o
6、f , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk.,7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。,The United States lies in North America.,8news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.,No news is good news. Maths is very popu
7、lar in our class,连接词连接的名词作主语,1 用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。,Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises.,注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。 这种情况常有两种结构形式：a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；a.+n.+and +a.+n.，指两个人或物。,The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teache
8、r are coming.,B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, 等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。,Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work.,2当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。
9、,(1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt (3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are goingto the brave man. (5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes soprts. (6) Mr. Li besi
10、des his sons likes sports.,3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。,Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there.,4. There be 结构，依据就近一致原则。,There is a book , two pens on the desk. There are two pens , a book in the desk.,代词作主语,1名词性
11、物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。,Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown.,2关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。,Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.,3疑问代词作主语时，
12、其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。,Who is your brother? Who are League members?,(1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese.(2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready.(6
13、) Neither of these words is correct.(7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in.,4不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。,分数和量词作主语,1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty
14、 of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致.,(1) Lots of damage was caused by fire. Lots of students are waiting outside. (2) All of the food is ready.All of the workers are working. (3) Part of the work has been done by us .Part of the students hav
15、e gone.,2表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,One and a half bananas is left on the table.,3 表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。,(1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is on
16、e. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.,4分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。,Ten percent of the apples were bad .,注意: population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。,The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants,5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。,The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young.,
