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1、,Language is the instantiation of an indefinitely large meaning potential through acts of meaning which simultaneously construe experience and enact social relationships.,Language as a systemic resource 语言是一个系统的资源,Language as a systemic resource 语言是一个系统的资源,Language is a particular kind of semiotic s
2、ystem which is based on grammar, characterized by both a stratal organization and functional diversity.,The semantic system is one of three levels, or strata, which together comprise the whole linguistic system. Between the semantic system above and the phonological and morphological realization bel
3、ow is the lexicogrammar.,Language as a systemic resource 语言是一个系统的资源,Context 语境系,Semantics 语义系,Lexicogrammar 词汇语法系,Phonology 语音系,A semantic system is organized into three functional components, or “metafunctions”. 语义系三大元功能The three components are: 1. ideational, including logical and experiential; 2.
4、 interpersonal; 3. textual,Context,Lexicogrammar,Phonology,Semantics 语义系,A semantic system is organized into three functional components, or “metafunctions”. 语义系三大元功能The three components are: 1. ideational, including logical and experiential; 2. interpersonal; 3. textual,Context,Lexicogrammar,Phonol
5、ogy,Semantics 语义系,The difference between a text and a clause is that a text is a semantic entity, i.e. a construct of meaning, whereas a clause is a lexico- grammatical entity, i.e. a construct of wording. A text is an inter-subjective event, in which speaker and listener exchange meaning in a conte
6、xt of situation.,Clause and Text,Context 语境系,Semantics,Lexicogrammar,Phonology,Language as system is related to its context of culture; while instances of language in use specific texts are related to their context of situation.,Text,By means of my text, I participate in an act of interpersonal exch
7、ange, communicating my sense of identity, my world view, my interpretation of experience.,One of the requirements every language has to meet is that of texture. The internal organization of a language, its grammar, vocabulary and sound system provides, among other things, the means whereby the speak
8、er or writer can create texts coherent and interconnected pieces of language, as distinct from unorganized strings of sentences.,Texts and texture,What makes a sequence of clauses a text?cohesion :- the connection which results when the interpretation of a textual element is dependent on another ele
9、ment in the text 5 types of cohesion: 1. reference 2. substitutionellipsisconjunctionlexical cohesion,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt, so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, w
10、e should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt ,
11、so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; a
12、nd he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt , so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom
13、 Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt , so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do
14、 you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt , so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.
15、,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt , so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same o
16、ld thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,Five types of cohesion,X: What movie do you want to see today?I already saw Tom Cruises latest film.Y: I saw it, too; and he was great in it.Z: But, I didnt , so dont tell me the ending.X: Perhaps, we should consider some other form of entertainment.X: Yea, sometimes I get tired of doing the same old thing, and would prefer ice- skating.,
