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1、Chan, Raymond M.C. Associate professor, Department of Education Studies, The Hong Kong Baptist University Project leader & principal researcher, A Research on Acculturation of Young New Arrivals from Mainland China to Hong Kong (Sponsored by QEF) Researcher, Research on Cross-cultural Impression of
2、New Arrivals from Mainland China to Hong Kong (HKCSS) Project leader & principal researcher of the research project titled “Acculturation strategy of the South Asian Ethnic Minority Youth in Hong Kong” (FRG),Cultural Sensitivity Training for Social Service Practitioner,Introduction,Objectives of thi
3、s session: Understand the meaning of acculturation level and positions of acculturation strategy, and how are they affect the life of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong (Identification and assessment) Relationship among stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, and how are they affect the adjustment pr
4、ocess of ethnic minorities in adapting their life in Hong Kong (Strategic planning and programme design) Gender issues ?,Introduction,An interview with a Pakistani and an indian: Life history Issues: Who is he/she? Identity crisis! Salient factors affecting his adjustment in Hong Kong - prejudice an
5、d discrimination Gender difference,Introduction,Self identity Acculturation level, acculturation strategy Factors affecting ones cultural adjustment process level of acceptance from the society (individual level, group level, and society level) prejudice and discrimination stereotype,Outline,Concept
6、 of stereotype, prejudice, discrimination and inequality Concept of acculturation (acculturation level) and four positions of acculturation strategy Gender issue in ethnic minorities in Hong Kong,Key Concepts,Acculturation 跨文化適應（涵化）: Amount of change that occurs when two cultural groups come into co
7、ntact with each other over an extended time period (Leong & Chou, 1996, p.224),Acculturation,Key Concepts,Factor Structure of Acculturation (Chan, 2001),Key Concepts,Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Berrys model on the four positions of acculturation strategies (Berry et al., 1987; Berry, 1990, 1992,
8、1997; Berry & Sam, 1997),Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Acculturation Strategy 跨文化適應策略,Questionnaire,Topics: Language (1) Friendship (2) Life style in new environment (2) Self acceptance (1) Self identity (2
9、) Exposure to media (1),Question sample,Topic 2: Friendship (1): 在交朋友方面，我會有以下的想法：,我大部份的朋友都是來自國內，我和他們相處時感到自然，但若我在一群香港人中，我會感到不自然； Most of my friends were from Mainland China and I feel comfortable with them. However, I feel uncomfortable in a group of local people. （S）,不論是從國內來港的人，或是香港人，我都一樣願意與他們成為知心朋友
10、； Im willing to become good friends with people from Mainland China as well as local people. （I）,我用廣東話與香港人交談時，我覺得非常自然，反而我現在甚少用鄉下話（或普通話）了，我現時用鄉下話反而有點不自然； Im very comfortable to talk to local people in Cantonese. In contrast, I feel quite uneasy when speaking in my own dialect as I rarely use my own l
11、anguage now. （A）,在香港找朋友傾訴心事，真是太難了，我既不是地道香港人，也不是國內人，我好像失去了身份似的； It seems very difficult to have friends to talk to in Hong Kong. I dont belong to Hong Kong or Mainland China and I seem to have lost my self-identity. （M）,Question sample,Instrument: Cultural specific Aware of in-group difference,Stereo
12、type,The process in which classifying people on the basis of their membership in a group, and automatically assuming that they possess a cluster of traits associate with that group (Ashmore An oversimplified, generalized image describing all individuals in a group as having the same characteristics
13、in appearance, in behavior, and in beliefs (Melendez & Ostertag, 1997, p. 67),Stereotype,Common stereotypes in America which associated with racial differences (Bennett,1990): Jews are stingy; Japanese Americans are highly intelligence; Blacks are violent; Whites are racially prejudiced; Blacks are
14、sexually promiscuous; and Hispanics speak Spanish.,Stereotype,Common stereotypes in Hong Kong ? New arrivals from the Mainland Hardworking? or Pilipino Enjoy life? or Indonesian Simple? or Thai Hardworking? or Nepalese Strong? or Pakistani Tradition? or Indian Rich? or Others (Japanese, European, Am
15、erican, ),Prejudice and discrimination,Prejudice and discrimination are two interrelated terms Prejudice is an attitude (usually negative) developed towards members of a group, and it is an opinion made in advance and not based on evidence; Discrimination is the behavior resulting from prejudice, it
16、 grants or denies individuals or groups opportunities and rewards based on group characteristics such as ethnicity, sex, class, religion, and language (Ghost,1996); Prejudice was a concept for the “set of beliefs” held by an individual, whilst discrimination put what ones belief into action (McKee,1993),Relationship among stereotype, prejudice and discrimination,Stereotype one of the factors affecting social attitudes towards different groups of people,
