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1、,状语从句（adverbial clause).状语的定义和构成形式用作状语的从句叫作状语从句状语从句. 由从属连词引导，修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词等，可放句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面用逗号；放在句末时，不用逗号。,状语从句的分类,根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为 时间状语从句、 地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、 目的状语从句、 结果状语从句、 条件状语从句、 方式状语从句、 让步状语从句, 比较状语从句。,时间状语从句的引导词：,when, while, as, before, since, until, till, as soon as, once, hardlywhen, no
2、soonerthan ，whenever, after ，等,主句是将来时，时间状语从句和条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作，即：主将从现。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.,时间状语从句应注意的问题,(一) when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 While / When/ As I was reading, I fell asleep. When I got to the station, I found the train had left.,As he said it, he laughed.As time we
3、nt on,I began to understand it. with time going on,I began to ,(三) 由immediately, instantly，directly，, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, as soon as ,the moment，the minute，on/upon/at doing ，引导的时间状语从句 表示“一就”， 1I told him immediately (=as soon as) he came. 2The moment he saw me, he turned pale.1I
4、 had hardly got home when it began to rain.= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.2He had no sooner seen me than he ran away.=No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.,(四) before: 主句动作先于从句动作，要根据实际情况翻译,We waited a long time before he came out. I must write it down before I forgot. She offered
5、 me a cup of coffee before I could sit down. I m willing to work myself to death before I give up. It is long before(过了好长时间才） It is not long before（不久就） It wont be long before we meet again.,。才,免得,还没有/来不及就,宁愿。也不,(五）Since 引导的时间状语从句：a) Since后面的动词不同，动作的起算时间不同： since+终止性动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since+延续性动词的过去式，
6、从该动作结束时算起。 Its three years since he joined the League. 他入团三年了。 It is three years since he smoked. 他戒烟三年了。b)“ It is + 一段时间+ since clause” 句型。 Its two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It was years since I had seen her. 我认识她好几年了。,地点状语从句,由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引导的地点状语从句 1Where there
7、is smoke, there is fire. 2Wherever you go, you must obey the traffic rules.I will go where he went.(特定地点） Ill go wherever he goes. (任意地点） Leave it where it was Put it where it can be seen easily. Put it to the place where it can be seen easily（定从）,原因状语从句,原因状语从句：由because, since, now that, as, for引导。
8、1.because 语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中。 I do it because I want to do it. It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. 2.Since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前） Since youre free today, lets go to the cinema. 3.as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后） Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of w
9、alking today.,4.for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。 for引导的从句不能位于句首。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 5.now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，now that放于句首时，that可省略。 Now ( that) /since everybody is here, lets begin. 6.原因状语从句有时可以以分词的形式出现。 Being blind, he couldnt see anything. ( = As he was blin
10、d, he couldnt see anything. ) Thanks to/owing to/due to your help,I passed the exam.,目的状语从句,(一) 由for fear that,in case,lest, so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句常用情态动词can / could, may/ might, should, wont等。 1Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun wont burn them. 2. Ill speak slowly in order t
11、hat everybody can understand me. 3.He got up early in order to/to/so as to catch the first bus.,(二) for fear that (=lest) 唯恐；in case ( = lest) 以防，万一；in case of 遇到的时候。 例句： 1I shall ring you up lest you should forget to come. 2He is working hard for fear (that) he should fail. 3Take your umbrella, in
12、case it rains. 4In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.,结果状语从句,(一) so that, sothat, suchthat引导的结果状语从句。 例句： 1I was so tired that I couldnt keep a wake. 2It is such a lovely day that all of us want to go outing. (二) such a/ anthat可转换为so + 形容词 + a/ an + 名词单数 + that结构。 例句： 1She is such a good teacher that
13、 all her students love her very much. 2She is so good a teacher that all her colleagues like to talk with her.,(三) 在名词前有many, much, few, little (少)时，只能用sothat结构， 例句： 1There are so many things to be done that I find no time to go to the cinema. 2She got so little education that she could hardly do a
14、simple maths problem. 3.They are such little pigs that we cant kill them.,条件状语从句,由if, unless( if not), so/ as long as, suppose, supposing, in case(万一）on condition that, provided/providing that引导。 You may use the room as long as you clean it up afterwards. Suppose (supposing) he is ill, what shall we
15、 do? You may keep the book a further week provided that no one else requires it.注意： 1.条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。 I will go if you go.2.条件状语从句中，从句主语为it，又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中的主语和系动词be。 Come tomorrow if it is possible. Come tomorrow if possible.,让步状语从句,(一) though, although 引导的状语从句，主句中不能用but，但可用yet,still,neverthele
16、ss. 1Though /Although he is very old, he is healthy. 2He seems perfectly healthy, though his heart is 3.He promised to come，he didnt though.(adv然而） (二) even if = even though 引导的状语从句，可以用虚拟语气。 1Ill try it, even if I may fail. 2We shall help you, even if we dont sleep for a night. 3Even if I were starv
17、ing, I wouldnt ask a favour of him. 既使我要饿死了，也不会求他帮助。(此句是虚拟语气),(三) as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式(as = though )单数名词前不要a/ an；形容词或副词前不要very。 例句： 1. Although she is busy, she studies English very hard Busy as she is, she studies English very hard. 2. Though he is a doctor, he knows medicine no better than I. Doctor as he is, he knows medicine no better that I. 3Though I admire him as a writer very much, I do not like him as a man. Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. 4Though you may try, you cant succeed . Try as you may, you cant succeed.,
