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1、归化与异化：习语的英译,专题讲座,习语的定义 所谓习语，即约定俗成的词语或短句。 包括谚语、俗语、惯用语、成语、歇后语等习语英译是理想的“观察哨所”,归化（Domestication）和异化（Foreignization） 异化，主张直译原文的语言形式（即使这种语言形式不完全切合译语习惯），保留原语言的文化因子（主要是形象）；而归化，则主张以纯熟地道的译语和相关联的文化因子进行翻译。,归化钱钟书、傅雷等林纾的翻译：文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那应算得入于“化境”。 “神似”,异化鲁迅 “宁信而
2、不顺”标准 译作必须有异国情调，就是所谓“洋气”。,先澄清： 1 汉语习语的英译非得套用英语的习语吗？ 方案一公布，大家就七嘴八舌地议论开了。 with seven mouths and eight tongues gabble 金山词霸 Publication of the draft touched off a lively discussion with everybody eager to put in a word.,虽然有时似乎受伤，其实并不，至多不过是假装跛腿，聊以引起人们的恻隐之心，可以从容避匿罢了。 Sometimes it may look hurt, but this i
3、s put on: it pretends to limp to enlist sympathy, so that it fan go into hiding comfortably.,2 不少习语已经有了相对固定的译法，英译时套用就行了吗？ 谋事在人，成事在天。咱们谋到了，靠菩萨保佑，有些机会，也未可知。（红楼梦第六回） Man proposes, God disposes. Man proposes; Heaven disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, and something may come of it for all you kno
4、w.,他会冷不防放声大笑，笑得翻江倒海，仰面朝天，几乎连人带椅子要翻过去，喉结在脖子上乱跳，满脸胡子直抖。常使中国学生面面相觑，不知这位洋教师的神经是不是有点问题。（冯骥才西式幽默） look at each other in speechless despair 金山词霸 He would burst into uncontrollable laughter, roaring while rocking in his chair, almost falling flat on his back, his Adams apple dancing up and down in his throa
5、t and his whiskers fluttering all over his face. The students would look at each other, wondering if he was out of his mind.,3 汉语许多习语已经有了固定译法，这种“固定”译法的正确性是不容置疑的吗？ 爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 英汉大词典、综合英语成语词典、金山词霸、新英汉词典世纪版,汉语“爱屋及乌”，立足于“爱人” 爱那个人而连带地爱护停留在他屋上的乌鸦。汉语成语词典p.3 Love me, love my dog. 强调的是“爱己” Any
6、one who wished to remain friendly with me will have to accept and tolerate all that belongs to me, all my personal habits and opinions, etc. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms He that loves the tree loves the branch.,异化-能保留汉文化因子（形象） 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to gu
7、ard against an arrow shot from hiding. 城门失火，殃及池鱼 A fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat. 路遥知马力，日久见人心 As a long road tests a horses strength, so a long task proves a persons heart.,初生牛犊不怕虎 New-born calves make little of tigers. 口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 声东击西 to
8、shout in the east and strike in the west 刻骨铭心 to be engraved on ones heart and bones,引狼入室 to lead a wolf into the house 打落水狗 to beat the dog in the water 重见天日 to see the daylight again 百川归海 All rivers flow into the sea. 画饼充饥 to draw cakes to allay hunger,所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏梁锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不问。（红楼梦） So
9、 this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside world.,他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑得了和尚跑不了庙。（周立波：暴风骤雨） Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him. 咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了
10、。（梁斌：红旗谱） Ah！We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.,四字格的“半译” 同义反复 （Tautology）赘言( Verbosity） 能工巧匠 skilled craftsman and clever artificer skilled craftsman,称兄道弟 to call each other brothers 赤手空拳 to be bare-handed 自吹自擂 to blow ones own trumpets 心慈手软 soft-hearted 充耳不闻 to run up a deaf ear to 安家落户 to m
11、ake ones home 抛头露面 to make ones own appearance 愁眉苦脸 to put (pull) on a long face,归化-不能保留汉文化因子（形象） 胸有成竹 to have a bamboo in his stomach to have a well-thought-out plan before doing something 桃李满天下 to have the peaches and plums all over the world to have students all over the world,叶公好龙 professed love
12、 of what one really fears 东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicrous effect 南柯一梦 a fond dream or illusory joy/fond dream 四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides 悬梁刺股 to be extremely hard-working in ones study,初出茅庐 at the beginning of ones career 罄竹难书 (of crime) too numerous to mention 失之东隅 收之桑榆 What one loses on
13、the swings, one gets back on the roundabouts. 塞翁失马 安知非福？A loss may turn out to be a gain. 庆父不除 鲁难未已 There will always be trouble until the trouble-maker is removed.,基本可以套用（自然归化） 小题大做 make a mountain out of a molehill 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water 过河拆桥 kick down the ladder 格格不入 be like square pegs i
14、n round holes 魂不附体 jump out of ones skin 乳臭未干 be wet behind the ears 空中楼阁 castle in the air 浑水摸鱼 to fish in troubled water 有其父必有其子 Like father, like son.,火上加油 to add fuel to the fire 趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot. 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears. 闪光的并非都是金子。All is not gold that glitters. 患难见真情 A friend in n
15、eed is a friend indeed. 眼见为实 Seeing is believing. 沧海一粟 a drop in the ocean 破釜沉舟 burn ones boat,心不在焉 absence of mind 三思后行 Think before you jump. 祸不单行 Misfortune never comes singly. 班门弄斧 to teach fish to swim 暗送秋波 to make eye at 掌上明珠 the apple of ones eye 饥难择食 Beggars cannot be choosers. 一丘之貉 birds of
16、 a feather flock together 家丑不可外扬 It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.,注意形象的不同 胆小如鼠 as timid as a hare 如鱼得水 like a duck to water 多如牛毛 as plentiful as blackberries 一箭之遥 at a stones throw 水中捞月 to fish in the air 半瓶子醋 half-baked 蠢得像猪 as stupid as a goose 害群之马 black sheep,挥金如土 to spend money like water 烂醉如泥 drunk as a sailor 热锅上的蚂蚁 like a cat on a hot tin roof 瘦得像猴子 as thin as a shadow 如履薄冰 to tread upon eggs 棋逢敌手 diamond cut diamond 挂羊头卖狗肉 cry up wine and sell vinegar,
