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1、中级英语笔译,An Intermediate Course of English Translation,许宁云,博士 副教授,主讲人：,; 13564764739,第六讲 英汉翻译技巧,与,长句,简单定语从句,的翻译,一、英语长句的译法 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解,化整为零翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般可采取下列的方法。,1切分法 将英语长句按意群切分为若干小句再逐句翻译。如： Will the decision to bomb
2、 the countrys oil lifeline persuade their leaders to end its armed infiltration of their neighboring countries? 轰炸该国石油命脉的主张，会叫该国的领袖裹足，不再武装渗透邻近各国吗？,Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a livi
3、ng and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with ones own hands. 现在美国有一个奇怪的既对立又统一的现象：人们一方面为地位上升不再需要靠体力劳动谋生而感到自豪，另一方面又对能够亲自动手取得成功而由衷地感到高兴。,The very important oil industry, which has done much to rejuvenate the economy of the South since the end of World War II, made considerable headway
4、especially in the five states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas.,第二次世界大战以后石油工业对振兴南部 经济起了很大的作用。这个十分重要的工 业部门特别是在以下5个州中取得了很大 的进展：阿肯色、路易斯安那、密西西比、 俄克拉荷马和得克萨斯。,3插入标点法 是指插入原文中所没有的标点符号，如破折号、括号、冒号等等。用这种方法来保持原文的连贯性。如： Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen
5、 to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with ones own hands.,现在美国有一个奇怪的既对立又统一的现象：人们一方面为地位上升不再需要靠体力劳动谋生而感到自豪，另一方面又对能够亲自动手取得成功做事而由衷地感到高兴。,The effects of smoking have widely been associated with an incre
6、ased risk of developing lung diseases including cancer, heart disease and stroke. “Intervention to discourage smoking should receive high priority,” the researchers conclude.,吸烟的影响与患肺病（包括肺癌）、 心脏病和中风的风险的增加有着千 丝万缕的联系。研究人员的结论是： “劝人戒烟应是当务之急。”,4句子重组法 也叫综合法，在准确地领会、把握了原文的基础上，打破原文的结构，灵活自如地表达出原文的信息、含义。如：,It
7、is a curious fact, of which I can think ofno satisfactory explanation, that enthusiasmfor country life and love of natural sceneryare strongest and most widely diffusedprecisely in those European countries which have the worst climate and wherethe search for the picturesqueinvolves the greatest disc
8、omfort.,欧洲有些国家，天气坏透，那里的人要辛苦一番，才能找到景色如画的地方。奇怪，他们恰好最喜欢过乡村生活，也最喜欢欣赏天然风景，而且这个情形也极普遍。这是实情，我怎么也提不出叫人满意的解释来。,课堂练习,1. The limited gain could hardly serve as a relieving justification for the tremendous cost the federal government had paid so far. 联邦政府已为此耗资颇巨了，但所得有限，这实在难以让人心安理得。,2. Already he had discovered
9、that his brain went beyond Ruths, just as it went beyond the brains of her brothers, or the brain of her father.,他比露丝的几个哥哥甚至他爸爸看得、想得还更深远而且他也发觉自己同样超越了露丝本人。,二、英语简单定语从句的翻译英语的定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似，且都为右开放型，放在被修饰语之后。一个句子可以向右扩展无数个从句；而汉语则不然，定语部分置于被修饰语之前（左边），不能像英语那样随意地扩展。因此，在翻译英语定语从句时，我们经常采
10、用下列三种方法：,1. 合并法，即在句式较短的情况下，将英语定语从句用“的”结构译出，置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原文的复合句译成汉语的简单句。这种方法多用于限制性定语从句。例如： A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 译文：附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童，上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。,The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any
11、comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。 2. 分译法，即化整为零。当英语定语从句较长时，如果译成前置定语，就不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下，通常把定语从句译成并列的分句，置于原来它所修饰的词的后面。例如：,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese h
12、ave laid down their lives. 译文：他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的。在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 译文：这种谬误在历史传
13、统派和历史社科派中都存在。前者认为，历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各史料来源的评论；而后者则认为，历史的研究就是具体方法的研究。,3. 混和法，即打破原文的定语结构。译者根据自己对原文的正确理解，用自己的话译出原文的意思。如： Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 译文：好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。,此外，在很多情况下，英语中的定语从句 具有状语的功能，在逻辑上与主句有状语 关系。这时，可视情况将其译作与汉语相 应的表示原因、结果、目的、时间、条
14、件、 让步等的状语从句。如：,Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 译文：尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人。 Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind. 译文：任何人如果停止汲取新知识，就肯定会落后。,课后作业 请使用本课所学的翻译技巧翻译下面的句子： 1、Gypsies are often treated with
15、 disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.,2、She would have blushed had she been told as much in plain, set terms, and next, she might have grown indignant and asserted that her sole interest lay in the man she loved and her desire for him to make the best of himself.,
