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1、2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,1,Chapter 2 Circuit System and Design,Outline 2.1 Circuit and System 2.2 Analog and Digital Circuits Design 2.3 Radio Receiver Circuit,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,2,2.2 Analog and Digital Circuits Design,Outline Analog circuits Digit Circuits,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,3,Terminology
2、,bipolar adj.双极型 CMOS abbr. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 互补型金属氧化物半导体 semiconducting material 半导体材料 Integrated circuits 集成电路 transistor n.晶体管 DC abbr. Direct Current 直流 AC abbr. Alternate Current 交流 digital adj.数字的, 计数的 binary adj. 具有两个的;二进制的; 二变量的 Boolean algebra 布尔代数 positive adj. 确实的;积极
3、的; 肯定的;现实的;正的;阳性的,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,4,negative adj. 否定的, 否认的;反面的, 消极的反对的;负的;阴极的 hexadecimal adj. 十六进制的 number system 计数制 Commutative Law 交换律 Associative Law 结合律 Distributive Law 分配率 inverter n. 变换器; 倒相器, 倒换器; 反演器; 逆变器; “非”门 truth table n.真值表 combinational adj. 组合的 sequential adj. 时序的 Flip-flop
4、 n.触发器,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,5,Analog circuits are circuits dealing with signals free to vary from zero to full power supply voltage. Analog circuits are often referred to as linear circuits to emphasize the valid continuity of signal range forbidden in digital circuits, but this label is unfortun
5、ately misleading.,Introduction,Text tour,1.Analog circuits,Modern circuit design is a “mixed signal“ endeavor thanks to the availability of sophisticated process technologies that make available bipolar and CMOS, power and signal, passive and active components on the same circuit.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工
6、程专业英语,6,Just because a voltage or current signal is allowed to vary smoothly between the extremes of zero and full power supply limits does not necessarily mean that all mathematical relationships between these signals are linear in the “straight-line“ or “proportional“ sense of the word. Many so-ca
7、lled “linear“ circuits are quite nonlinear in their behavior, either by necessity of physics or by design. This relative mobility of electrons within a material is known as electric conductivity. Conductivity is determined by the types of atoms in a material (the number of protons in each atoms nucl
8、eus, determining its chemical identity) and how the atoms are linked together with one another.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,7,NPN transistors,In fact, in the most basic and most cost effective analog IC processes, the chip designer has at its disposal just that a good NPN transistor.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程
9、专业英语,8,In this component the current flow enters the collector and base and exits the emitter. Simply stated, the transistor conducts a collector current which is a copy of the base current amplified by a factor of beta . It follows that the emitter current is one plus beta times the base current. A
10、 typical value for the amplification factor is 100.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,9,The PNP transistor is complementary to the NPN, with the current flow entering the emitter and exiting the collector and base, the opposite of what happens in the NPN. Simplicity dictates that PNPs are a by-product of the
11、NPN construction, hence they often have less beta current gain and are slower than NPNs.,PNP transistors,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,10,MOS transistors,The dual of Bipolar NPN and PNP transistors in CMOS technology are the P-Channel and N-Channel MOS transistors . The general function of the transistors
12、 is the same independently as their implementation but there are pros and cons to using both technologies. Generally speaking, the base, the emitter, and the collector of the bipolar transistor are analogous to the gate, source and drain of the MOS transistor, respectively.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,1
13、1,The bipolar transistors main problem, which is not present in CMOS, is their need for a base current in order to function. Such current is a net transfer loss from emitter to collector. While the base current is small in small signal operation, in power applications, where the transistor is used a
14、s a switch, the base current necessary to keep the transistor on can be very high.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,12,This high base current can lead to implementations with very poor efficiency. With the popularity of portable electronics and the need to extend battery life, it is no wonder that CMOS often
15、 tends to have the upper hand over bipolar technologies. The advantage of bipolar over CMOS that it has better trans-conductance gain and better matching, leading to better differential input gain stages and better voltage references. The best performance processes are mixed-mode BiCMOS (Bipolar and CMOS) or BCD (Bipolar CMOS and DMOS) processes in which the designer can use the best component for the task at hand.,2018/9/15,电子信息与通信工程专业英语,13,2. Digit Circuits,
