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1、.摘要采用活性炭-超滤膜联用工艺对黄河上游原水进行试验。试验的主要内容是活性炭的选择、该联用工艺对有机物的去除效果、粉末活性炭改善膜透水通量以及防止膜污染的效果。试验结果显示：粉末活性炭吸附效果优于颗粒活性炭，粉末活性炭投加量为100mg/L 时，COD Mn 去除率为 50.00%，UV 254 去除率为 90.00%，颗粒活性炭投加量为150mg/L 时，COD Mn 去除率为 15.00%，UV 254 去除率为 10.00%。黄河上游原水中有机物的分子质量主要集中在小于 10000Da 的区间，占总有机物的 75%左右，这部分有机物是造成膜污染的主要物质。粉末活性炭预处理黄河上游原水后
2、，主要去除的是分子质量小于 10000Da 的有机物，粉末活性炭投加量为 10mg/L 时，总 UV254 去除率为15.09%，10000Da-1000Da 之间的 UV254 去除率 16.67%，小于 1000Da 的 UV254 去除率为 35.00%；投加量为 100mg/L 时，总 UV254 去除率为 54.72%，10000Da-1000Da 之间的 UV254 去除率 72.22%，小于 1000Da 的 UV254 去除率为 60.00%，粉末活性炭优先吸附小分子物质，能有效地延缓膜污染。粉末活性炭预处理单元能够改善膜的透水通量，过滤第七个周期时，原水的膜通量能恢复到 57
3、.20%，而投加粉末活性炭预处理之后的膜通量能恢复到 85.60%，通过水力冲洗，膜通量能得到较好的恢复，说明粉末活性炭可有效地改善膜通量。 关键词：黄河原水，超滤膜，活性炭，膜通量，有机物相对分子质量.AbstractWith actived carbon-ultrafiltration membrane technology to test the raw water of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Test was mainly the choice of actived carbon,the combined process on th
4、e organic removal,powered activated carbon to improve the membrane permeable flux,prevented the effect of membrane fouling.The result showed that powdered activated carbon adsorption more effective than granular activated carbon,PAC dosage was 100mg/L,CODMn removal effciency was 50.00%,PAC dosage wa
5、s 100mg/L,UV254 removal effciency was 90.00%,GAC dosage was 150mg/L,CODMn removal effciency was 15.00%,GAC dosage was 100mg/L,UV254 removal effciency was 10.00%.Organic removal process was better by PAC-UF. The upper reaches of the Yellow River water organic molecular weight was less than 10000Da an
6、d this part of the organic was75% of total organic and was main fouling substances. When PAC treatment of raw water of the upper reaches of the Yellow River,the removal of molecular weight was less than 10000Da organic. PAC dosage was 10mg/L,total UV254 removal effciency was 15.09%, UV254 removal ef
7、fciency was 16.67% between 10000Da and 1000Da, removal effciency was 35.00% less than 1000Da; PAC dosage was 100mg/L,total UV254 removal effciency was 54.72%, UV254 removal effciency was 72.22% between 10000Da and 1000Da, removal effciency was 60.00% less than 1000Da .PAC preferentially adsorbed sma
8、ll molecules a effectively slowed down the membrane fouling.PAC pretreatment unit could improve the flux of the membrane pemeable.although filtering the seventh cycle,the raw water flux could be restored to 57.20%,PACpretreatent could be able to 85.6%.By water washing,the membrane flux got a better
9、recovery. It was showed that PAC improved membrane flux. Key words: Yellow river raw water , ultrafiltration membrane , activated carbon , membrane from fouling , molecular weight distribution of organics compounds .目 录摘要 .IAbstract .II第 1 章 绪论 .11.1 研究背景 .11.1.1 饮用水处理技术发展现状 .11.1.2 活性炭吸附技术国内外研究现状 .11.1.3 超滤膜与常规工艺比较 .21.2 超滤联用工艺 .31.2.1 活性炭-超滤膜联用工艺 .31.2.2 混凝-超滤联用工艺 .41.2.3 其他超滤联用工艺 .51.3 超滤膜在饮用水处理中的应用及进展 .51.3.1 超滤膜在国外饮用水处理中的应用研究 .51.3.2 超滤膜在国内的研究及应用现状 .61.4 超滤在饮用水处理中存在的问题 .71.4.1 膜污染 .71.4.2 膜通量下降 .81.4.3 原水水质对超滤膜通量的影响 .81.5 研究目的和主要内容 .9第 2 章 试验设备和研究方法 .
