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1、名词性从句 Noun clauses,名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其作用同名词一样。包括 主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和 同位语从句。,一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who。例如: It is a pity that y
2、ou didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. (=In the morning the murder took place.) It is John that broke the window. (=John broke the window.),2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor tha
3、t 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) It 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) It is/was+过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that.,3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) It i
4、s said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: It is said that President Bush will visit our country next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (2) It happens that, It occurs that 结构中的“that”从句不可提前。例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) T
5、hat he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong),(3) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (4) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is
6、 that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong),4. what 与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别 what 引导名词性从句时在从句中1)充当句子成分(主、宾、表);2)本身有词义。而that 1)只起连接作用;2)本身没有词义;3)不在从句中担任成分。For example: 1) What you said yesterday is right.(=All that you . 2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.,你昨天说的话是对的。,她仍活着是一个谜。,二宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名
7、词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如: I hear that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如: She told me that she would accept my invitation.,
8、2. 作介词的宾语 例如:Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如:I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语: anxious, sure, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,4
9、. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: We must make it clear to the public that we are doing an important job.,7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: I dont think this dress fits you
10、well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。),三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等.另外,常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如: 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people 3) But the
11、 fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The
12、 order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功
13、能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分),; http:/ 淘宝优惠券查询 淘宝优惠券查询系统 cth47dwc懒得问了,
14、嘉颜代老太太责问:“重阳时一篮子花攒过来,人人见到,开得有多好。生了虫病的花能开成这样?还是开了给我们看了之后,一下子生虫了?”那几人赶紧的顺杆爬:“果然是重阳之后,一天之间,虫病发了出来!”“好!”嘉颜微笑道,“这可是你们自己说的!如今就带人查去,好在树还在呢!想必能找到那树的虫害。”那几人吓得磕头不已:“嘉颜姑娘明鉴,是我们错了。是其他地方的虫子落在芙蓉树上,我等没认清,还当是要紧虫害,做错了主张!”“哦?”嘉颜脸沉了下去,“我一说要查,你们就知道错了,倒真是省事得紧。”“不敢不敢,”那几个人血都磕出来了,“实在是去移树时,就发现弄错了,那树没受虫害。但已报批动工,生怕临场认错,受主子罚,
15、所以想将错就错,遮掩过去。猪油蒙了心思,做出这等事情。如今知错了,求嘉颜姑娘留情,求主子们饶命!”老太太发话道:“嘉颜,他们要移树,居然就敢移、而且能移,这是你监管不力。”嘉颜利索跪下:“嘉颜失察,请老太太冶嘉颜的罪。”表 院里园艺的事,其实不是嘉颜的责任。老太太名义上把持家权柄放给了大太太,着二太太协助着,纵嘉颜宝音接手管了大部分,但还有很多事项,两位太太还是有权的。韩毓笙窗下那两株木芙蓉,是送到二太太面前,得了个“嗯”字,便罹斧刀之灾了。嘉颜压根儿不知情。要责罚嘉颜,不如责罚二太太。大太太和二太太都侍立在旁边,二太太特别的紧张,生怕嘉颜话头一转,把火烧到她身上来。她实在小瞧了嘉颜和老太太。
16、嘉颜只是低头聆训。老太太骂了一顿,面上是骂嘉颜,实则把立在旁边的两个媳妇都斥责了一顿,末了严格要求嘉颜:“上上下下这些事,你要更经心,免得出这些岔子!”还追问俩媳妇:“你们都听见了?”大太太二太太只好一起敛袂躬身道:“是。”这么一来,等于把她们手里现有的权柄,又夺回到嘉颜和老太太手里了。有那一顿骂作铺垫,大太太二太太还吱不出个“不”字来!老太太这才正正衣襟:“这一伙人,胆大包天,罚了吧!”大太太二太太都不敢接声,嘉颜应道:“是!”上来伺候老太太穿衣。老太太道:“走,瞧瞧笙丫头去。”大太太二太太才反应过来,忙帮嘉颜搭下手。老太太未必想探望韩毓笙,但她必须看看所谓流血的花树。花树在窗外,毓笙在窗里,要探树,何如说是探人,名目更好听些。老太太进了院子,最先看的是树。一棵被全部挖了出来,枝子几乎全剪完了。一棵被挖了一点点,枝子剪了一小半。所有的断口,包括最粗的枝干和最细的根须,都在渗流浅红的汁液,像渗血、更像流泪,已挖出的那棵,流得比没挖出那棵少。它气息奄奄,看起来已经快死了。莫非濒死的树木像死掉的人一样,血渐,