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1、SIS 基础知识 (安全仪表系统) 唐蓉 2010-03,SIS 基础知识,提纲概要,1. The International Safety Standards国际安全标准 2. Definition of a Safety System安全系统的相关概念 3. TUV 4. Voting architectures表决结构 5.SIS Architecture 安全仪表系统的结构 6. Flow chart for design of SIF 设计流程图 7. CASE STUDY- SIL 案例学习 8. SIS Project Flow SIS项目流程- Lifecycle of the
2、 Safety System安全系统生命周期 9. Guidelines for SIS Design设计指导,1. The International Safety Standards国际安全标准,TV (1984) DIN V 19250 / VDE V 0801 (Germany) Risk classification 1989 风险等级1989 Safety system requirements 安全系统要求 ANSI / ISA S84.01 (USA) 1996 Safety procedure安全流程 Safety Life Cycle安全生命周期 Safety Integr
3、ity Levels(SIL) 安全完整性等级,IEC 61508 IEC 61511 Safety Life Cycle Safety Integrity Level Safety Instrumented Function LOPA Safety requirements specification *,GB/T 20438,IEC 61508 & IEC 61511,IEC 61508 & IEC61511 区别,RELATIONSHIP Clause 1/2,IEC 61508 & IEC 61511联系,Clause 2/2,2. Definition of a Safety Sys
4、tem安全系统的相关概念,Some common names used for Safety System 安全系统的常用名称 : ESD Emergency Shutdown System 紧急停车系统 SIS Shutdown Interlock / Instrument System 停车联锁/仪表系统 IPS Instrument Protective System 仪表保护系统 FSSS Flue Safety Sing System 锅炉安全监视系统 FGS Fire & Gas Protective System 火气保护系统 ITCC Integrated Turbine &
5、Compressor Control 综合透平压缩机控制,SIS: Safety instrumented system 安全仪表系统,SIF,Safety systems are designed to respond to conditions of the plant, which may be hazardous in themselves, or if no action were taken could eventually give rise to a hazard. They must generate the correct outputs to prevent the ha
6、zard or mitigate the consequences. SIS就是针对对工厂可能出现的故障、风险设计的系统, 它必须能够迅速、正确的对事故做出响应, 最终能够避免事故的发生或者减少事故造成的危害。,SIS,Avoid Risks And Dangers In Your Plant By Applying Safety System 运用安全系统以规避工厂中存在的风险和危险,Two Appraisement Index for Safety System 安全系统的两大评价指标： Dependability 可靠性 Usability可用性,LOPA：layers of prote
7、ction analysis 防护层分析,WHAT IS LOPA? 1. A simplified form of risk assessment 2. Provide Independent Layers of Protection(IPLs) 3. IPLs are assigned a Pfd e.g. Control loop failure PFD: 1.0*10 probability to fail on demand,石化装置的功能安全防护层,LOPA,4. An event likelihood is calculated by multiplying initiating
8、 casue likelihood by the PFDs of the IPLs.整个防护层的PFD是各个层的乘积 5.Verifies if sufficient layers of protection are present.确认目前的防护层是否足够 Cautions注意！ Too many IPLs may be difficult to manage. If an IPL is taken out of sevice or by-passed, a procedure should be in place to insure the appropriate risk reducti
9、on.如果某一独立防护层不再服务或被旁路，那么整个防护风险降低。,SIL：Safety integrity level 安全完整性等级,IEC61511,SIF,用不同的等级(四个之一)来描述安全仪表系统所具有的安全等级。4是最高级，1是最低级。,Safety Integrity Levels- Chemical Industry Assessment 石化行业安全等级的评估,“4” - Catastrophic Community Impact. 灾难性的社会影响 “3” - Employee and Community Protection. 人员和社会的保护 “2” - Major Pr
10、operty and Production Protection. Possible injury to employee. 主要财产和生产的保护，对人员存在可能的伤害。 “1” - Minor Property and Production Protection. 次要财产和生产的保护,SIL 安全完整性等级,Cross Reference Between SIL Class & Standards SIL等级在相应标准之间的对比参考,TUV,3. TUV,TUV TV (Technischer berwachungs Verein)是德语“技术监督协会”的缩写 It is the only
11、 independent third party agency in the world that certifies safety instrumented systems (SIS). 这是一个独立的第三方的机构，为安全仪表系统（SIS）进行认证。 TUV will certify and approve the logic solver for the appropriate Class of safety service 1-7. TUV认证和批准逻辑表决器为适当的安全等级1-7级。 TUV has certified many different voting architectur
12、es in logic solvers e.g. 1oo2, 1oo2D, 2oo4D,1oo3, 2oo3 and 2oo3D. 在逻辑表决方面，TUV认证了很多不同的表决结构，例如： 1oo2, 1oo2D, 2oo4D, 1oo3, 2oo3 and 2oo3D,输入端,XX,YYY,传感器,IC,P,I,OC,O,P,IC,P,I,OC,O,P,最终元件,输入端,PE,A,PE,B,1oo2,1oo2 voting architecture,4. Voting architectures表决结构 1/3,双重冗余系统,时间,过程变量,高压设定点,?,哪个信号是正确的?,1oo2 设置
13、= 停车,双重冗余,高安全性 低可用性,输入端,XX,YYY,传感器,IC,P,I,OC,O,P,IC,P,I,OC,O,P,最终元件,输出端,PE,A,PE,B,高可用性 低安全性,2oo2,2oo2 voting architecture,Voting architectures表决结构 2/3,Voting architectures表决结构 3/3,2oo3D voting architecture,TMR: Triple Modular Redundancy 3-2-0,时间,过程变量,高压设定点,2oo3 = 停车,好信号,坏信号,TMR: Triple Modular Redun
14、dancy三重冗余,高可用性 高安全性,5.SIS Architecture 安全仪表系统的结构,传感器 逻辑演算器 执行器 35% 15% 50% 系统的失效概率是各组成部件失效概率之和 系统的SIL是由各组成部件的SIL共同决定的,6. Flow chart for design of SIF 设计流程图,7. CASE STUDY- SIL 案例学习,Instrument safety function for a storage tank with A liquified hydrocarbon according to IEC61511& IEC61508,The target ri
15、sk criteria,SIL1 Architecture Structure,Possible design for SIL 1,SIL2 Architecture Structure (1/2),Possible design for SIL 2,SIL2 Architecture Structure (2/2),Alternative design for SIL 2,SIL3 Architecture Structure,2oo3D,2oo3,2oo3,LT1,LT2,LT3,VALVE 2,VALVE 1,VALVE 3,SIL 3 scenario,8. SIS Project Flow SIS项目流程- Lifecycle of the Safety System安全系统生命周期,SIS Project Flow : -过程规划设计 - 危险分析和评估 -确定非SIS保护层 - 是否需要增加SIS - 目标SIL确定 - 安全需求说明 - SIS的规划设计并验证 - SIS详细设计 - SIS安装、试车前检验 - 建立操作和维护程序 - 开车前安全评审 - SIS开车、运行和维护 - SIS修改 - SIS拆除,
