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1、The Great Wall,张 莉 宋亚妮,No discussion about Chinese culture is complete without mention of the Great Wall.,Aspiration for Peace,Separation and Integration,Spirit of the Great Wall,Wonder of the Great Wall,In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now wel
2、l-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation,Through more than 2,000 year
3、s from the seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, 19 dynasties built parts of the Great Wall,adding up to over 100,000 kilometers.,Three major renovations of the Great WallQin (221-206BC)Han (206BC-AD220)Ming(1368-1644),The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1
4、368 - 1644). To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers, the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen. The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguan Pass are two well-preserved passes at either end.,During the reign of the First E
5、mperor of Qin(246-210 BC), one out of every 20 people took part in the project,Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall ?,From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country.,Aspiration for peace, The earliest part
6、s of the Great Wall were built amid incessant wars.Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches.Thus the Great Wall was built with the basic goal of safeguarding peace., The Great Wall certainly serv
7、ed the purposes of the military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing northern peoples on horseback from attacking people in the south who were mostly engaged in farming.,Separation and Integration,The geographic structure and climatic patterns of China has led to the developmen
8、t of two distinct cultures from ancient times.,Separation and Integration,The limited and unstable output of animal husbandry made it necessary for the northern peoples to depend on the agricultural goods of the southern peoples. Historically, invasions of the south by nomadic peoples of the north w
9、ere often more out of necessity than the desire for expansion.,Separation and Integration,From the Qin of more than 2,000 years ago to the later dynasties,the northern peoples who often invaded the south included the Xianyun, the Hun, the Tujue, the Huihe, the Qidan, the Nvzhen, and the Mongolian.In
10、 this way, the Great Wall separated the peoples of the south and the north.,Separation and Integration,The Wall protected the agricultural economy and advanced the mode of production in the south. At the same time, it forced the northern peoples to give up plundering the south and to develop their o
11、wn civilization. This laid the foundation for later exchange and communication between the southern and northern cultures.,Separation and Integration,Dr.Sun Yat-sen(1866-1925), who led the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the Qing Dynasty(1616-1911), said,“Seen from today, if it had not been for th
12、e protection of the Great Wall, Chinese civilization would have been interrupted by the northern peoples in the late Qin or early Han dynasties, long before the Song and Ming dynasties. In that case, there would be not have been the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties,or the integration of sout
13、hern and northern peoples.“,Separation and Integration,In time, economic zones came into being along the Great Wall, especially at its several dozen passes, where people from both sides carried out economic and cultural exchanges.,Spirit of the Great Wall,Numerous people had to leave their homes and
14、 families to go north ,where they toiled for years.Many lost their lives on the worksites.,Lady Mengjiang,传说很久以前江苏松江府有个孟家庄，孟家庄有一老汉善种葫芦。这一年他种的葫芦长得非常繁盛，其中一棵竟伸到了邻居姜家院里。孟、姜两家非常交好，于是便相约秋后结了葫芦一家一半。到了秋天，果然结了一个大葫芦，孟、姜两家非常高兴，把葫芦摘下来准备分享。忽听葫芦里传出一阵阵小孩的哭声，孟老汉非常奇怪，便用刀把葫芦切开一看，呀！有个小女孩端坐在葫芦中，红红的脸蛋，圆嘟嘟的小嘴，很是惹人喜爱。姜家老婆
15、婆一看，喜欢的不得了，一把抱起来说：“这孩子就给我吧！”可是孟老汉无儿无女，非要不可，两家争执起来，一时间不可开交。到后来，只好请村里的长者来断。长者说：“你们两家已约定葫芦一家一半，那么这葫芦里的孩子就算你们两家合养吧。”于是小姑娘便成了姜孟两家的掌上明珠，因孟老汉无儿无女，便住在了孟家，取名孟姜女。,孟姜女名字的由来,Lady Mengjiang,Lady Mengjiang lived during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin . After her husband was recruited to build the Great Wall
16、 , she missed him so much that she traveled many miles to see him . When she finally arrived at the construction site, a fellow countryman told her that her husband had died and was burieed under the Wall. A heartbroken Lady Mengjiang cried for three days and nights unitl, legend has it , the Great Wall collapsed one section after another.,孟姜女庙的长联解读：海水朝 朝朝朝 朝朝朝落 ( 朝 有时作潮) hi shu cho zho zho cho zho cho zho lu浮云长 长长长 长长长消 ( 长 有时作常)( 长 有时作涨) f yn zhng chng chng zhng chng zhng chng xio,
