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1、1Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the AuthorCharlotte Bronte (1816-1855) was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, a historic county of Northern England in 1816. She was the third of six children. Her father Patrick Bronte was an Irish Anglican clergyman and her mother was a housewife. Her mother
2、s death of cancer when she was only 5 years old was a big blow to her whole family. Her childhood was spent in misery, dreariness and poverty. The only comfort came from her fathers reading instruction. In August 1824, she was sent with three of her sisters, Emily, Maria, and Elizabeth, to the Clerg
3、y Daughters School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire, where her two elder sisters, Maria and Elizabeth died because of the hostile environment there. In 1831, she went to receive her education at Roe Head, Mirfield where she worked as a teacher several years later. From 1839 to 1841, she made a living b
4、y working as a governess to several families, a job which was discriminated and brought her great hardship and humiliation. During this time, two men proposed to her but was both refused. In 1854 at the age of 38 years old, she got married to her fathers young priest named Abe Nichols. The marriage
5、brought her great joy, but only lasted 6 months. On the way back from a visit with her husband to see waterfall in a wasteland, she was caught by a rainstorm and got a serious cold. Since then, she had been confined to bed and never got recovered. Pitifully, on March 31st, 1855, she died with an unb
6、orn baby. During her lifetime, writing, a habit formed and kept from her childhood, was not merely a hobby to kill her free time, but a spiritual pillar which accompanied her to pass the difficult times of her life. Whenever she was free, she threw herself into writing. Although her first trial crea
7、tion was laughed by Poet Robert Southey, she showed great perseverance to go on writing. “In 1833, she finished her first novel The Green Dwarf using the name of Wellesley but it went unknown. In her lifetime she only had four novels published.” (Wenhui Wang, 2002:167) They were The professor (1857)
8、, Jane Eyre (1847), Shirley (1849), Villette (1853), respectively. Although she is not a prolific writer, she still enjoys great honor in the literary history and is considered to be the first writer who has appealed for womens independence. Jane Eyre is her masterpiece. 21.2 Introduction to Jane Ey
9、reJane Eyre is Charlotte Brontes best novel published in 1847, an autobiography published under the pen name Currer Bell. The novel gained great popularity from it first release. It tells about stories of painful growing experiences of an ordinary-looking woman who was forced to fight against a capi
10、talistic social order, with special emphasis on describing the evolution of her personality. On the deeper level, the novel openly criticized capitalism and appealed for womens independence on finance, daily life and on personal feelings. Critics of all ages claim Jane Eyre is a great work. “Charlot
11、te was a special woman who lived in her lonesome moor all the time. Her female consciousness was an inspiration to her life. Every heroine in Charlottes works has a striking personality with strong self-consciousness, which also represented the writers strong female consciousness.”（Baozhen Huai, 200
12、4: 89） “As we refer to the novel Jane Eyer, the spirit of the novel remains to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.”（Gordon Chan，1996:68）Therefore, the novel is viewed as advocating feminist.The writing technique used throughout Jane Eyre was called critical realism. “The greatest
13、 English realist was Charles Dickens. With striking force and truthfulness, he creates pictures of bourgeois in civilization, describing the misery and sufferings of the common people.”(zhou Fang, 2002:166) But it was Charlotte, Emily Bronte and Elizabeth Gaskell who further explored it and put it t
14、o full use. But the only difference was that she put realism into her romantic imagination. In the novel, the heroines life experience was the epitome of the author and it reflected the authors view on life, love and justice.3Chapter Two Development of Jane Eyres CharacterJane Eyre is a perfect nove
15、l to harmoniously associate environment with personality. The novel has altogether 38 chapters, with 4 scenes of life show on the evolution of Jane Eyres personality. Through those scenes we can find the stages of formation, development, establishment and maturity of Jane Eyres character.2.1 Forming
16、 Stage of Janes Character The heroine Jane lost both of her parents shortly after her birth. So she lived at the household of her aunt called Mrs. Reed, a cold-blooded woman. Her life experience at Gateshead Hall formed her character at first stage. Mrs. Reed was both rude and unjust to the poor orphan. Her children also played tricks on Jane. Whenever Jane had quarrels or fights with her nasty cousin John Reed, she would be locked up in the Red Room alone as a punish
