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1、英汉词句结构上的修辞手法,排比parallelism,LOGO,Part 1,英语中的排比修辞,the definition of parallellism,Parallelism is a very effective deviece to emphasize what we write or what we say. It is a structure in which ideas of equal value are parallel, expressed in the same grammatical form so that the reader or audience can re
2、gard two or more things as related and equal importance.,the Requirement of Parallel struture,1)Coordinates并列 e.g. We have lecture on Monday and lab on Tuesday e.g. Will you ride or walk? 2)Correlatives关连词 e.g.We must either end the war or extend it. e.g. Tom is neither bright nor dull.,3)Compared e
3、lements e.g. Children like to play games as well as to do sclool e.g. Horace is more greedy than needy. 4)Contrasted elements e.g. Mike is heavy but not fat. e.g. The bed is firm, yet comfortable.,5) Verbal noun complements e.g.Reading is understanding e.g. To exercise is to bulid strength. 6)Verbal
4、 appositives动词同位语 e.g.The trick is to hang on, to hold fast. e.g.Rod went tumbling, sprawling. 7)Elements in series and outlines e.g. Nacy, Sue, and Jackie are here.,8)Single wards e.g. He imagine himself as a rich, handsome, successful man of the world. e.g. He doesnt ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor
5、 swim. 9)Phrases e.g. One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well. e.g. He knows a good thing, he knows a safe thing. e.g.Studies serve for delight，for ornament，and for abillty(Francis Bacon， Of Studies),10)Clause e.g. If you write or if you telephone, wait for two weeks
6、until I return from Singapore. 11) Sentences e.g. No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.,the function of parallelism,排比是富有表现力的修辞方式。排比最 主要的修辞功能是表达强烈的感情，突出所 强调的内容，增强语言的气势. 当然，排比用于不同的表达方式中又有 不同的
7、功效。用它叙述可以旬句扣紧把事情 说得脉络清楚。使人一目了然；用它抒情可以 酣畅淋漓地表达感情，进而激发读者或听众 的情感，增加语言的感染力，同时使气势畅 达，铿锵有力；用它说理可以把道理说得周密 集中，发挥得晓畅透彻使人折服；用它描写可 以尽情得把事物描绘得栩栩如生再现于读者 面前。,林肯 葛底斯堡演说,It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rat
8、her for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation, under God, shall
9、 have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.,整篇演说只有短 短十旬，措辞简练，感情深沉，却充满排比结 构，特别是最后一句的排比，使演讲内容达到 高潮，既是千古诵读的演讲名篇，也是有效使 用修辞的典范。 此外，由于排比这种修辞格在结构上旬 式整齐匀称，节奏分明，念起来朗朗上口。更 由于大多数排比句中的提示语反复出现，念 起来声调铿锵，从而增加了语言的节奏感和 韵律美。 就排比的运用来讲。
10、排比结构一般是寓于散句之中，“排”、“散”旬式合用错落有致，可使语言的句式整齐与参差相间，富于变化 而避免呆板。这就大大得增强了语言的艺术 感染力。,Let us take as our goal: where peace is unknown, make it welcome; where peace is fragile, make it strong; where peace is temporary, make it permanent. (Richard Milhous Nixon) 尼克松运用三个句子排比表达了对世界和平的美好憧憬。此外句中对照手法的兼用，更进一步加深了听众的印象。
11、汉语意思是：在那些不知道什么叫和平的地方，要使和平成为受人欢迎的东西；在那些和平脆弱的地方，要使它牢固起来；在那些和平只是暂时存在的地方，要使它成为永久的东西。,We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust and alive. But there are many mountains yet to climb.(Ronald Reagan)这里里根运用三项式定语排比来描述人们创造的美国“朝气蓬勃、精力旺盛、充满活力”。文字简练生动，给人留下深刻的印象。I came; I saw; I conquer. ( 我来了；我看见；我征服) 出
12、自古罗马统治者Julius Caesar之口。气势磅礴、铿锵有力的语言给后人留下了深刻印象。这个三项排比句生动形象地描述了这位统治者的勇气、傲气和霸气。三项排比结构是英语写作中一个较为常见的修辞手段，它既能增加文章的清晰度，又能使一个句子或一个段落的思想内容逐步递进，达到高潮。,Part 2,汉语中的排比,汉语排比的定义,用结构相似的句法，接二连三地表现出同范围、同性质的意念，叫做排比。 透过排比，可以使语言气势得到加强，并且可以使句子结构整齐匀称，音律协调且有节奏，使朗诵时达到和谐动听之妙。表达的情意得到加深。例如善歌者，使人继其耳。善舞者，使人继其志。,汉语排比分类,1.句子排比 爷娘闻女
13、来，出郭相扶将（jing）；阿姊（z）闻妹来，当户理红妆；小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍(hu hu）向猪羊。 东风不来，三月的柳絮不飞你的心如小小的寂寞的城，恰若青石的街道向晚跫音不响，三月的春帷不揭，你的心是小小的窗扉紧掩。郑愁予错误 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈,2.句子成分排比 春天的樱花，夏天的紫藤，秋天的黄菊，冬天的腊梅以成千上万种各色的鲜花点缀着日本人民的生活。,排比与对偶区别,1）对偶只限于两个对句，排比则在三句或三句以上 2）对偶要求字数相等，排比可以不受此限 3）对偶力避字同意同，排比却把字同意同视为常态。 4）对偶旨在工整精当，以对立性为原则，排比旨在增广铺陈以相似性为原则。,汉语的对偶,汉语的对偶分为正对和反对 正对：由意义相同或相近的前后两个部分构成的对偶。 例如：春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。 反对：由意义相反或相对的前后两部分构成的对偶。 例如：横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。,对偶还可以分为言对和宽对。 言对要求工整对仗，平仄相拗。 例如，书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。 宽对要求意思相对，结构相对，字数相等即可。 例如，风轻悄悄的，草软绵绵的。 惨象，已使我不忍视了；流言，尤使我耳不忍闻。,感谢您的关注,
