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1、第二章 非语言信息描述,非语言信息描述（1）,非语言交际指的是“通过非语言信号进行信息交际”（Randall Harrison 1974）。此外，有人认为国际商务非语言交际指的是“不同国籍的人通过非语言信号进行和商业有关的信息交换”。（David A. Victor,1992）非语言信息主要包括以下一些方面： 体语(kinesics) 外貌(appearance) 身体接触(haptics) 空间应用(proxemics) 副语言（paralanguage）,非语言信息描述（2）,国际商务英语写作中的非语言信息描述主要包括： 将语言转换成图表； 将图表转换成语言； 将图转换成表； 将表转换成图
2、； 各种图之间的转换。,非语言信息描述（3）,常用图表阐释语： （1）表示图表所示句型： As is shown in the chart如图所示 As can be seen in the table从表中可知 As the graph shows该曲线图表明 The above table illustrates以上表格显示 The first column represents第一栏代表 The second row demonstrates that第二行表示 See Figure (Table) 2 请看图2,非语言信息描述（4）,（2）表示上升的动词： increase, rise
3、, go up, grow, climb, rocket, soar, rebound, ascend. leap upwards, jump, speed up, surge, shoot up （3）表示下降的动词： go down, fall, drop, decline, decrease, slump, diminish, descend, plummet (fall quickly), shrink, slip, slide, take a plunge, dive,sink, slow down, abate. （4）表示快速的副词： rapidly, quickly sharp
4、ly, dramatically, surprisingly, fast.,非语言信息描述（5）,5）表示程度的副词、短语： considerably, a great deal, very much, a lot, rather, somewhat, quite a lot, a bit, a little, slightly Significantly, markedly, noticeably, exactly, precisely, almost, nearly, roughly, approximately. （6）表示缓慢、逐步的副词、短语： steadily, gradually
5、, small increase, slightly, moderately, slowly,非语言信息描述（6）,7）表示达到顶峰、平行向前、掉入最低谷等短语： to peak a high point at, reach a peak at, reach a plateau；reach the bottom at, to bottom a low point at,drop to the bottom at, to level off；keep constant, stay the same, remain steady, remain the same/constant, stabili
6、ze (8) 表示状况的单词、短语： erratic movements (unstable trend), fluctuations, trough (the lowest point), to the bottom, upward trend, downward trend.,非语言信息描述（7）,图表描述例句： Sales stood at the lowest level in March. 三月份的销售额呈最底水平。 The company sold 13,953 vehicles in the mainland in Jan., up from 8,294 units in the
7、 same period of last year. 元月份在中国大陆公司销售了13，953辆车，与去年同期相比多销售了8，294辆。,非语言信息描述（8）,The growth of Hondas sales more than tripled that of total sales of vehicles produced in the mainland last month 上个月本田汽车的销售量超过在中国大陆生产的汽车的销售量三倍之多。 Hondas sales in the mainland surged by 74.8% year-on-year to 215,000 units
8、in 2004. 本田汽车在中国大陆的销售量增长%74.8，递年增长，至2004年销售量达215，000辆。 The sales totaled $800,000 last month. 上个月总销售额为八十万美元。,非语言信息描述（9）,Factory As profit percentage increased steadily, despite some minor fluctuations, whereas that of factory B fell slightly. 尽管稍有波动，甲工厂的利润百分比逐步上升，而乙工厂的利润百分比却略有所下降。 The turnover of la
9、st year rose astonishingly, whereas that of this year fell markedly. 去年的营业额大幅度上升，而今年的营业额显著下降。 After a steady decline for almost a whole decade, the countrys fertility rate shows signs of steady rise. 该国的生产力经过近10年逐步下滑，现在有迹象表明在逐步上升。,非语言信息描述（10）,From the bar chart we can learn that there has been a ste
10、ep fall in market share of our products in this region in recent three years. 从柱形图我们可知，我公司产品在该地区的市场占有率最近三年大幅度下降。 According to the table, from 2009 to 2012 there had been a dramatic decrease in investment in this area. 根据该表格，该地区从2009年到2012年的投资大幅度下降。,非语言信息描述（11）,According to the graph, in the city the
11、re was a very significant drop in the number of people who went to and from work by bicycle between 20012 and 2013. 该曲线图表明，2012年与2013年之间该城市骑自行车上下班的人急剧下降。 As (is) indicated in the drawing, the year 2013 has witnessed an ever-increasing funds for training. 如图所示，2013年培训费用看涨。 The profit in December acco
12、unted for nearly 20% of the total. 十二月的利润占总利润的近百分之二十。,非语言信息描述（12）,The production in 2010 dropped sharply to only 500 tons. 2010年的生产量急剧下降至仅500吨。 The number of cars production fluctuated slightly from June to October. 六月份到十月份的轿车生产量略有波动。 There was hardly any change in the figures of cars sold between J
13、une and October. 六月到十月之间轿车的销售量几乎没有变化。,非语言信息描述（13）,The profit percentage in June reached a peak at about 20%. 六月的利润百分比达到顶峰，约为20%。 The profit percentage in June reached the bottom at only 2%. 六月的利润百分比掉入最底谷，只有2%。 注意：表示上升或下降多少用”by”,表示上升或下降到多少用“to”，例如：,非语言信息描述（14）,Our company increased the profits by 20%
14、 in the first quarter of the year but there was a fall of five per cent in group turnover. 我们公司今年第一季度利润上升了百分之二十，但集团公司的营业额下降了百分之五。 The price of our product has been reduced to $88. 我们产品的价格已削减至88美元 The company liquid funds climbed to US$18m in the previous quarter. 公司的流动资金上一个季度上升到一千八百万美元。,非语言信息描述（15）,
15、ABC Company turnover fell 5 per cent to US$20.66bn from US$21.8bn in the first three months of last year despite a substantial rise in the volume of recorder sales. ABC公司的营业额下跌了5%, 从去年前三个月的218亿美元下降到206亿美元，尽管其录音机的销售量有很大的增长。,非语言信息描述（16）,表示倍数的句型： The figure of labor from rural areas has increased about
16、 twice compared with that in 2012. 与2012年相比，农村的劳动力数目大约增加两倍。 The business was down by 30% on the previous year. 与头年相比，业务量下降了30%。 Your luggage is almost four times as heavy as mine. 你的行李将近是我的行李的四倍重。 Kuwait oil wells yield approximately 500 times more than U.S. oil wells. 科威特油井的产量是美国油井产量的近500倍。 The per
17、centage of profit doubled from July to October. 七月到十月的利润百分比翻了一番。,非语言信息描述（17）,The diagram shows that the output of steel in our factory has risen by 30% this year against last year. 该图表明，我厂的钢产量今年比去年增加了30%。 The sales volume of our branch is approximately twice that of their branch. 我们分公司的销售总量是他们分公司的将近
18、两倍。 The population of Beijing is much larger than that of Nanjing. 北京的人口比南京的人口多很多。 Model A is the second most popular in USA. 型号A在美国是第二受欢迎的。 About twice as many brown cars are sold as black cars in Britain. 在英国，棕色轿车的销售量是黑色轿车销售量的约二倍。 Half as many black cars are sold as brown cars. 黑色轿车的销售量是棕色轿车销售量的一半。,
