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1、Selected Reading of American Poetry,Lecture 13 Romantic period Longfellow & Whitman,Romanticism Poetry,Conservative poetry ：Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)Born in a well-to-do family in Maine/ graduated from Bowdoin College/ spend 3 years in Europe studying culture and language of Italy, Spai
2、n and Germany/ become professor at Harvard/ translate The Divine Comedy by Dante Representative poems “Psalm of Life” 生命礼赞“Hymn to the Night” 夜之颂“The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls” 潮起又潮落,Romanticism Poetry,His writing style and subjects are conventional, especially in comparison with those of Whitman o
3、r more modern writers. 2. He wrote in regular meters and feet, in regular rhyming schemes.3. He did not break the American literature from European one. 4. Usually he wrote about American subjects, but always in European styles.,A PSALM OF LIFE What the heart of the young man said to a psalmistTell
4、me not in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined en
5、d or way; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us further than to-day.,Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. In the worlds broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven
6、 cattle! Be a hero in the strife! Trust no Future, howeer pleasant! Let the dead Past bury its dead! Act - act in the living Present! Heart within, and God oerhead!,Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time; Footpr
7、ints, that perhaps another, Sailing oer lifes solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labour and to wait.,Context & Analysis,This was the first European It was
8、written in 1838, when he was struck with great dismay: his wife died in 1835 when giving birth, and his courtship with another women was unrequited. 3. The theme is “to act”, the poet provides motivation and inspiration to live productively in present life, instead of immersed in the agony of past.
9、4. Rhyme and meter: ababin trochaic tetrameter / four trochaic feet (四音步扬抑格),About Foot（音步） &Meter (格律) Meter is a count of the stresses we feel in the poems rhythm. And the unit of poetic meter is the foot.,One foot- monometer Two feet- dimeter Three feet- trimeter Four feet tetrameter Five feet pe
10、ntameter Six feet hexameter Sever feet- heptameter,常见的格律为： 抑扬格 iambic 扬抑格 trochaic 抑抑扬格 anapestic 扬扬抑格 dactylic,Most of the poems are written in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格), for example: “sonnet 18”,Romanticism Poetry,Creative poetry ：1. Walt Whitman (1819-1892)Brought up in a working-class background
11、on Long Island, New York/ five years of schooling/ likes reading/ works as office boy, printers apprentice, school master, editor, journalist/ keep his eye on society at largeWrites about poetry describing the native American experienceRepresentative poems:“O Captain, My Captain!”“Song of Myself”“I
12、Hear America Singing”“O Me! O Life!”,Romanticism Poetry,Free verse: Free verse has neither rhyme nor a regular meter. The lines may be of very different lengths, and the thought may begin and end anywhere. Everyday speech is adopted in it.,I Hear America Singing,I hear America singing, the varied ca
13、rols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it shouldbe blithe and strong;The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work; The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the st
14、eamboat deck;The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands;,The wood-cutters song, the ploughboys on his way in the morning, or at the noon intermission or at sundown, The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to her and to none else, The day what belongs to the day-at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing, with open mouths their strong melodious songs.,
