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1、美国文学史American Literature in the colonical and Revolutionary: 1.Benjamin Franklin(本杰明.富兰克林) 2. hilip Freneau 菲利普 费瑞诺Benjamin Franklin(本杰明.富兰克林) 1)“Poor Richards Almanac“ 穷人查理德的年鉴 (以笔名 Richard Sunders) 2)“ annual collection of proverbs “流行谚语集(It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely b
2、ecause of Franklins shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation) 3)The Way to Wealth (Father Abraham s Sermon) 致富之道 (as the “ perface to Poor Richard Improved) 4)The Autobiography自传 (18 世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传) 5)Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas.
3、建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题. 6)established Americas first circulating library, founded the college-University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学 就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学. 7)first applied the terms “positive“ and “negative“ to electrical charges. 8)Writer,printer,publisher,scientist,philanthropist,a
4、nddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousandrespectedprivatefigureofhistime. hilip Freneau 菲利普 费瑞诺The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士 - 同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地(1)poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面
5、的新闻记者 (2)perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period. (3)has been called the “Father of American Poetry“ 美国诗歌之父 (4)Imaginative and melancholy treatment of nature and human life,and sharp satire against the British tyranny 19th Century American Literature Washington Irving(华盛
6、顿 . 欧文) 1James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆斯 .芬尼莫 .库珀) 2Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳萨尼尔 .霍桑) 3Edgar Allan Poe （埃德加 . 阿伦. 坡）4Henry Daived Thoreau(亨利.戴维.梭罗) 5Herman Melville(赫尔曼 .麦尔维尔 ) 6Walt Whiteman( 沃尔特 .惠特曼 ) The Rise of American Romanticism ? One of the most important periods in the history of American literature
7、, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War(1861-65). ? It started with the publication of Washington Irvings e The h Sketch Book(182 0) and ended with Whitmans s Leaves f of Grass(1855). .Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthu
8、siam, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he naturalworld was a source of corruption.浪漫主 义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并 且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。Transcendentalism :Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and
9、Nature. The most important representatives are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry DavidThoreau. . Washington Irving(华盛顿.欧文)A History of New York(纽约外史 )A History of New York 纽约的历史 -美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作； The Sketch Book见闻札记 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说 -使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon(见
10、闻札记收录了 The legend of the Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说 和 Rip Van Winkle瑞普 .凡.温克尔等名篇,开创了美国短篇小说的传统) The Tales of a Traveller,(旅人述异 ) The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉A HIstory of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus(哥伦布的生平和航行) 1)the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家， 2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon (见闻札记 the first mo
11、dern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青少年文学读物。 3)Irving restored the waning Gothic romances which Poe soon infused with psychologicalsubtleties 。重 振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说，随后坡在此基础上，把心理学的一些知识融入了这种体裁。 4)He was the first American to gain the stature of a major
12、poet.第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆斯. 芬尼莫.库珀) 1.Leatherstocking Tale皮袜子故事集 , (regard as the nearest approach yet to an American epic. 被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗的作品): The Deerslayer 杀鹿者、 The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫希干人、 The Pathfinder 探路人、 The Pioneers拓荒者、 The Prairie大草原 , 2.The Spy 间谍(about American
13、Revolution) 3.precaution( 戒备) 4.contribution: launched two kinds of immensely popular stories the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 开创了两种流传极广的小说体裁，边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说。5.拓荒者在草原上探路，遇到最后一个莫西干人在杀鹿。Nathaniel Hawthorne（纳萨尼尔.霍桑）1.Fanshawe（范肖）2.Twice-ToldTales（重讲一遍的故事）3.The Blithedale Romance（福谷传奇）4.Mosses
14、 from an Old Manse（古宅青苔）（包括Young Goodman Brown 小伙子布朗，The Celestial Railroad 5.The Scarlet Letter(红字) 6.The House of the Seven Gables （带有七个尖角阁的房子）7.The Marble Faun（玉石人像）8.The life of Franklin Pierce 9.Our Old Home 特点：(1)unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the dee
15、pest roots of man s moral nature. 独特才能主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的道德品质。 his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appearsstrongly in his short stories. 短篇小说里，通过活生生、极具有象征意义的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题。 to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appea
16、r as a moral symbol.杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设置的正义标准之中来讲述，他书中的正义标准成为当时人们的道德参考。Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.阿伦.坡1.show his true talents as an editor, poet, literary critic. 编辑、诗人、文学评论家。2. The Fall of the House of Usher鄂谢府崩溃记、 The Raven 乌鸦 the title poem of a collection, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque述异集 first collection of short stories. 第一部短篇小说集。3.often use grotesque or fantastic events.擅长描写哥特式和幻想类的小
