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1、英语语法第 1 页不定式动词不定式 的基本形式是 to 动词原形 ，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时，动词不定式可与它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式具有名词.形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语.表语 .宾语 .宾语补足语 .定语和状语。主用 it, 状两段，定语名词靠前站，宾语动宾不能变，宾补名介立中间1. 作主语作主语用的动词不定式常常用it 替代，动词不定式（或短语）则被替换到后面。如：It s easy to get lost in a big city li
2、ke Tokyo. 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。2. 作表语如： The old man s job is to take care of the flowers in the garden. 这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。3. 作宾语如： Indians like to eat hot food. 印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。【特别提示】有的动词不定式在作带有宾语补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。如： I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。4. 作宾语补足语如： Please ask John to turn on the
3、light. 请让约翰打开灯。5. 作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。如：New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。6. 作状语(1) 表目的如： To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. 为了赶上早班车，我今天早晨早早就起床了。(2) 表结果不定式作结果状语从句的句型有两种： too + 形容词 /副词+ to do sth. 如： The Dead Sea is too salty to swim. 死海的水太咸了，难以游泳。 enough + 名词+
4、to do sth. 或形容词/ 副词+ enough to do sth. 如： There is just enough time to catch the train. 赶这班火车，时间正好够。考点一： it 作形式主语To give is much better than to receive. 给予远胜于接受。温馨提示：不定式作主语时，为避免头重脚轻而常把不定式后置，用形式主语it 代替，常见结构有It s+adj. / n. (for sb.)+to do及 It+takes / took / will take sb.+some time+to do sth.。例如：It is
5、good to see all my teachers and friends again. 又见到我所有的老师和朋友真是太好了。It takes me half an hour to read English every morning. 我每天早晨用半个小时读英语。考点演练：1. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. ma1.king B. make C. to make D. made 2. It s bad for your eyes _ computer games too much. A. plays B. to p
6、lay C. play D. Playing 3. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took, to work outB. takes, to work out C. has taken, work out D. is taking, working out 4. Its good for you_more exercises. A.takes B.to take C.take D.taking 5. Its kind of you_me with my homework. A.to help B.helps
7、C.helping D.help 考点二：作状语（表目的表结果）(1) 表目的如： To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. 为了赶上早班车，我今天早晨早早就起床了。(2) 表结果不定式作结果状语从句的句型有两种： too + 形容词 /副词+ to do sth. 如： The Dead Sea is too salty to swim. 死海的水太咸了，难以游泳。英语语法第 2 页 enough + 名词+ to do sth. 或形容词/ 副词+ enough to do sth. 如： There is just enou
8、gh time to catch the train. 赶这班火车，时间正好够。考点演练：1. Mum, I m hungry. What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat 2. Yesterday morning I got up early _ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 3. _ the safety of gas, the
9、government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.(2007 上海）A.To ensure B.Ensuring C.Having ensured D. To have ensured 4. In order to make our city green,_. A.it is necessary to have planted more trees B.many more trees need to plant C.our city needs more trees D.we must plant more trees
10、5.For the last two mornings, thousands of campaigners have queued for hours _ access to the conference venue(地点 ) many unsuccessfully. A. to gain B. gaining C. to have gained D. having gained 考点三：作定语（表将来.特定名词 .介词不能丢）1.动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。如：New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。2.不定式作后置
11、定语表将来的动作。如：The problem to be discussed tomorrow at the meeting is very important. 明天会议上将被讨论的问题非常重要。考点练习：1. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 2. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in
12、Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 3. The Town Hall _ in the 1800 s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 4. If theres a lot of work_, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to d
13、o B. to be doing C. done D. Doing 5. Is this the best way you thought of _ people from getting into the dangerous areas? A. to stop B. stopping C. stopped D. to have stopped 考点四：作宾语1. 英语中有些动词，如want, hope, agree, decide, wish, would like, prefer等，常用动词不定式作宾语。例如：They all want to play football after cla
14、ss. 他们课后都想踢足球。只接 to do 的动词：afford, aim, attempt, beg, choose, claim, fail, happen, help( to), hope, intend, long(渴望 ), manage, plan, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, strive(努力奋斗 ), tend(倾向于 )，threaten, wait, want, wish. 英语语法第 3 页1. I can t stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses
15、 _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, wanting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using 3. _You should
16、have thanked her before you left. _I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so 4. She pretended _ me when I passed by, A. not to see B. not seeing C.not see D.not having seen 5. We agreed_here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A.meeting B.to meet C.met D.meet 考点五：作宾补不带 t
