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1、1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT,What is a Project?,Complex and numerous activities. Unique a one-time set of events Finite with a begin and end date. Limited resources and budget,Many people involved, usually across several functional areas in the organizations. Sequenced activities. Goal-orie
2、nted. End product or service must result.,Project Success,Patient / Stakeholders Requirements satisfied/exceeded,Completed within allocated time frame,Completed within allocated budget,Accepted by the Stakeholders,5-Phase Project Management What is a Project Management?,Initiating processes Planning
3、 processes Executing processes Controlling processes Closing Processes,Key Areas of Project Management,Scope Management Time Management Issue Management Cost Management Quality Management Human Resource Management Communications Management Risk Management Change Control Management Procurement Manage
4、ment Integration Management,Causes of Project Failure,The Project is the only solution in search of a problem. Only the project team is interested in the end result. No one is in charge. Scope Creep The project plan lacks structure. The project plan lacks detail. The project is under budgeted. Insuf
5、ficient resources are allocated. The project is not tracked against its plan. The project team is not communicating. The project strays from its original goals.,4 Project Constraints,PERFORMANCETIMECOST(saying most commonly used is “Good, Fast or Cheap- pick two” you can dictate only two and third w
6、ill have to vary),SCOPE -Magnitude or size of the job.-Totality of work needed to complete a project.,Project Constraints,P = Performance requirements C = Labor cost to do the job. ( note that capital equipment & material cost are accounted for separately from labor) T = Time required for the projec
7、t. S = Scope or magnitude of work .,C = f(P, T, S),Cost is the function of Performance time & scope,Principle You can assign values to only three constraints. The fourth will be whatever the relationship dictates it will be,The Eternal Triangle (Not a love triangle),P,C,S,T,P,C,S,T,If I know the len
8、gth of the sides (P,C,T)I can compute the area (S)If three sides are specified the 4th can be determinedAs a project manager do not try to dictate the values of all 4.,The Time Cost Trade off,We are under constant pressure to finish the project on time and to reduce cost to do the job.,Optimum Durat
9、ion,Why Project Management,If you always do what you have always done, youll always get what youve always got.,Insanity is continuing to do what you have always done and hope for a different result,Principle: If what you are doing isnt working, You need to change the process by which it is done This
10、 is what formal Project Management is all about,How to have you cake and eat it too. (Finish the project on time with reduced cost),Question Can you increase the S (scope) by keeping P,C,T Constant?,Think of a triangle as being drawn on the surface of a sphere, then this is no longer true. If you ca
11、n change the radius of the Sphere. It will change the area bounded by P, C, T.,The PCTS Relationship shown on a spherical surface.,Sphere,Spherical Triangle,Plain Triangle,If I assume that the sides of both the spherical triangle and plain triangle are the same lengths, then the spherical triangle h
12、as a greater area, which represent project scope, so the Scope has been increased while holding the sides of the triangle to constant lengths.,P,C,T,S relationship shown as a pyramid,P, C & T are sides of the base of the pyramid with a triangular base.Scope is the entire area of the pyramid .Vertica
13、l sides of the pyramid are factors of P, C, T. It may be that the height of pyramid represents how well the process performsIf it is a poor process, the height of the pyramid diminishes until you simply have a conventional triangle. (the base of the pyramid),What does the analogy of Triangle, Sphere
14、, pyramids make us understand.,By Changing the Process by which you do project work, you can get more for your money.You can reduce rework, increase productivity, decrease time, and so on.,Forgotten aspect of PM,Quality = A performance constraint.,If the function technical requirements of the job ar
15、e not met, you have done a poor quality job.,PREVENTION COST Anything that we do to keep errors from happening in the first place,APPRAISAL COST Results from the inspection of a finished activity / part to be sure no errors have been made,FAILURE COST Incurred once the service is rendered to patient
16、s or drugs delivered,Getting your organization to accept Project Management,PARADIGM PROBLEM What we believe to be true in any given situation, thing or event. Deeply held convictions about how things actually are. All behavior is an attempt to satisfy individual needs. Paradigm determine how we behave we always behave consistently with them. Paradigms become self fulfilling prophecies. Another way to say this is that what we believe we make real.,
