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1、郑庄公戒饬守臣 Duke Zhuangs Imperative for Leader of Garrison Troops (Excerpt from the Spring and Autumn Annals) 712 BC In the seventh month of the year 1987 of Chinese calendar, which was autumn, Duke Yin of the State of Lu allied with the Dukes of the State of Qi and Zheng to crusaded against the State o
2、f Xu*. On the first day of the seventh month, the city of Xu was under the siege of allies. Ying Kaoshu, a dafu of the State of Zheng, Mouhu (the banner exclusive to Duke Zhuang of the Sate of Zheng) ascended the city wall with Mouhu (the banner exclusive to Duke Zhuang of the Sate of Zheng) in his
3、hands. Nevertheless, shot by the arrow from another dadu Zi Du, he fell to death. Then Xia Shujing ascended the wall with Mouhu and shouted around, “Our lord has ascended the wall!“ On hearing the call, troops of the State of Zheng all entered into the city. And two days later, army of the Sate of X
4、u was defeated by allies, their ruler, Duke Zhuang, flea to the State of Wei*. When given the jurisdiction of Xu by the duke of the State of Qi, Duke Yin of the State of Lu refused, “ As you accused Xu for its failing to pay the intribute, I send my army to crusade against it. Though it has been def
5、eated, I shouldn t accept your good will.“ In that case, the jurisdiction of Xu fell to the State of Zheng. Duke Zhuang of the State of Zheng ordered Bai Li (a dafu of the State of Xu) to serve Xu Shu (the brother of the duke of the State of Xu) and had them settle down at a remote manor in the east
6、 of their state. He told Bai Li, “Its gods will to plague upon your state and it has been down via my force. Nevertheless, since I fail to get along well with my kin officials, I shouldnt pride myself on my beating the army of your state. My brother has to lead an unstable life in other state due to
7、 the inharmonious relationship between he and I, which pushes me away from confidence in administrating your state well. You are supposed to help Xu Shu to pacify people at this place and I will send my man Gongsun Huo to you as an assistant. If god gets repentance for his plague after my demise, Du
8、ke Zhuang will deserve certainly the restoration of recouping his administration on his state. In that case, I do hope that relation between Xu and Zheng, like a couple, will go on and Xu doesnt refuse to submit to Zheng.Whats more, never let men of other kindred set their forces at this place in ca
9、se that they contest with my state for land. When my descendants are busy with struggling for survival, they definitely can spare no time in preparing carefully the sacrifices to mountains and rivers for your state. So I appointed you to hold on at this place not only for your nation but also for bo
10、rder areas of my state.“ Having ordered Gongsun Huo to settle down at a remote area in the west of Xu, Duke Zhuang, again, admonished, “Never dispose any assets here so that you can leave this place instantly upon my demise. This area is the new manor to which my father Duke Wu moved from Jingzhao.
11、Added the central government is losing its power and god doesnt bless the King any more, its not wise to contest with Xus ruler who is descendant of Emperor Shennong. A wise man said, “Duke Zhuang complied with courtesy in terms of the strategy he made for the State of Xu and his state. Courtesy is
12、the rule by which a state is administrated and stabalized, the nations are governed and offsprings are benefitted. Duke Zhuang crusaded the state undoing its duty, forgave the state when it conceded its improper policy, address the problems in virtue-oriented way, did what he was able to do at a fav
13、ourable time and leave no harm to his offsprings-what he had done proved that he is a man of courtesy. *The state of Xu is a fifth-rank state that existed from the West Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and its rulers boast lineage as same as that of the duke of the State of Qi. Nontheles
14、s, Xu has to pay tribute to the latter. * There are two state that boast Wei as the title, and relation between them is a little bit complicated. The two state are founded in different period, but it is interesting that the state founded earlier was partly eliminated by the later one which derives from another state, the State of Jin. And the one in which Duke Zhuang of the State of Xu flea to is the older one.
