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1、Lecture 10 Verb and Verb Phrase,Verbs - An Overview,Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.,1. Classification of verbs1)
2、 Main verbs and auxiliaries2) Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs & linking verbs3) Dynamic verbs and stative verbs4) Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs5) Finite verbs and non-finite verbs6) Regular verbs and irregular verbs,1) Main verbs and auxiliaries,Main verbs are also called notional verbs f
3、unctioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase.Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs expresses the main action or state of being of the subject in the sentence and changes form according to the subject (singular, plural, 1st person, 2nd person,
4、 3rd person).,The main verb changes its form according to the verb form (perfect tense, past tense, simple tense) For example: Dogs usually chase cats. But my cat chases my dog. My cat is chasing my dog. My dog has sometimes chased my cat. But, only because my cat ate my dogs dinner. My cat has been
5、 eating my dogs dinner a lot.,Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb. They usually are used to form the passive voice, continuous tense, perfect tense.,Auxiliaries fall into
6、 three categories : primary auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries.,基本助动词有：be, do, have e.g.The students were praised by the principal.Do come and join us.What did she give to Halleck for his birthday?Joan has seen that movie.Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, and also can be used as mai
7、n verbs. The verbs to be and to have are the most commonly used auxiliary verbs and work alongside the main verbs in any statement.,情态助动词共有13个：can / could, may / might will / would, shall / shouldmust, ought to dareneedused to!Note: Unlike other auxiliary verbs, modals only exist in their helping fo
8、rm; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. The modal auxiliary verbs are always followed by the base form.,半助动词指兼有主动词和助动词特征的语法结构，如：I have to buy a new car.You dont have to buy a new car.He seems to be disappointed.He didnt seem to love her.,2) Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and
9、linking verbs,A transitive verb always has an object. For example: “Many people walked across the bridge.” “Across“ in this sentence is the preposition to “the bridge“.An intransitive verb does not have an object. For example: “When I entered the room he looked up.” “Up“ here is an adverb, and does
10、not have an object,What is a linking verb? A linking verb is a word used to connect the subject of a sentence to further information about the state which the subject is in.,Point out the linking verbs 1. I am Zhu Zhenfei. 2. Surfing the Internet is really interesting. 3. We are now in need of Engli
11、sh teachers. 4. The question is how to solve the problem. 5. What we want to know is who will give us the lecture next Monday. 6. Your suggestion sounds reasonable. 7. It seems that everyone here knows him quite well. 8. Milk goes bad easily in summer if you do not put it in the fridge.,am,is,are,is
12、,is,sounds,seems,goes,BE VERBS or LINKING VERBS, include words such as: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being, became, go, seem, appear, and sometimes verbs of the senses like tastes, feels, looks, hears, and smells.连系动词（即系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。常见的系动词是be ,它的三种变化形式为：am , is , are . 除了 be 动词
13、之外还有一些，他们大致可分为四类：,1. 表示“ 似乎”, 如： appear , seem,She appears/seems all right.They appear/seem in favor of the Internet.It appears/seems that she will win.It appears/seems to me that you are all mistaken.,试比较：He seems (to be) forty.He appears (to be) forty.,他似乎四十岁了。（说话人有一定根据）,他看上去四十岁。（从外表上看）,2. 表示“感觉”
14、，如： look , sound , feel , taste , smell,That sounds wonderful, but some people claim that the Internet is a waste of time.If you always eat fast food, vegetables may not taste delicious to you.,It feels good to sit in front of the TV after a hard days work.When he got up on stage, he looked a little
15、 nervous.The air often smells bad in Internet cafes.,表示 “变化 ”, 如: become, come, get, grow, turn, fall, go,Leaves turn green in spring.The boy will go mad if you dont allow him to use the computer.Your son had grown much taller.He gets easily excited when playing computer games. She fell asleep the m
16、oment she got into bed.,4. 表示其他含义, 如: keep, remain, stay, stand, prove The Internet proved of great value to us during our project.You shouldnt keep quiet in a debate.People stayed silent and listened to us, and applauded at the end.For these reasons, I believe the Internet remains a positive tool that helps make our lives better.,使用连系动词时应当注意以下几个问题： 1. 除be以外的连系动词在用法上与be有点不同，有be 动词的句子变为疑问句或否定句时，直接前提或加not 。,He is in the classroom . 他在教室。 Is he in the classroom ? 他在教室吗？ He is not in the classroom. 他不在教室。,
