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1、Welcome to the United Nations,Emblem（会徽） of the United Nations,Flag of the United Nations,Flag and Emblem,A Brief Introduction,The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contai
2、ns multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions. In 1945, the UN had 51 members. It now has 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries. Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly ，the character of its debates,
3、 and the nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives.,Four of the five principal organs are located at the main United Nations Headquarters located on international
4、 territory in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague（海牙）, while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva,（日内瓦）, Vienna（维也纳）, and Nairobi（内罗比，肯尼亚首都 ）.Other UN institutions are located throughout the world.,The Locations,New York,Vienna,Geneva,The s
5、ix official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.2 The Secretariat uses two working languages, English and French. Four of the official languages are the national languages of the permanent membe
6、rs of the Security Council (the United Kingdom and the United States share English as official language); Spanish and Arabic are the languages of the two largest blocs of official languages outside of the permanent members (Spanish being official in 20 countries, Arabic in 26). Five of the official
7、languages were chosen when the UN was founded; Arabic was added later in 1973.,The Official Languages,General Assembly (联合国大会)Security Council （安全理事会）Secretariat （秘书处）International Court of Justice （国际法院）Economic and Social Council（经济及社会理事会） Specialized institutions,Organization,General Assembly,Uni
8、ted Nations General Assembly hall,The General Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions under a president elected from among the member states. Over a two-week period at the start of e
9、ach session, all members have the opportunity to address the assembly. Traditionally, the Secretary-General makes the first statement, followed by the president of the assembly. It always takes three months.The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Westminster Central Hall in London a
10、nd included representatives of 51 nations.,大会是做什么的?这是一个所有会员国均派有代表的独一无二的世界论坛。是最近乎国际议会的机构。会上，所有各国均可表达其不同意见并就如何行动达成谅解。联合国大会,所有国家不分贫富,不分强弱,均享有同等的表决权；享有同样的权利和特权以及同样的责任与义务。大会的表决结果是世界舆论的准确反映。其决定对于会员国虽不具法律效力,但却代表着国际社会的道义权威。,Security Council,United Nations Security Council chamber,The Security Council is cha
11、rged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the United Nations can only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions that member governments have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The de
12、cisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions.,The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent membersChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United Statesand 10 non-permanent members, currently Azerbaijan, India, South Afric
13、a, Colombia, Morocco, Togo, Germany, Pakistan, Guatemala, and Portugal(阿塞拜疆、印度、南非、哥伦比亚、摩洛哥、多哥、德国、巴基斯坦、危地马拉、和葡萄牙). The five permanent members hold veto power(否决权) .The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis. The presiden
14、cy of the Security Council is rotated alphabetically each month.,Members,Why the five?,The five permanent members of the Security Council were the victorious powers in World War II and have maintained the worlds most powerful military forces ever since. They annually top the list of countries with t
15、he highest military expenditures; in 2011, they spent over US$1 trillion combined on defense, accounting for over 60% of global military expenditures (the U.S. alone accounting for over 40%). They are also the only countries officially recognized as “nuclear-weapon states“ under the Nuclear Non-Prol
16、iferation Treaty (NPT), though there are other states known or believed to be in possession of nuclear weapons,安理会对国际问题的调停和裁决实行5个常任理事国一致的原则（大国一致原则），即每项决议只要有一个常任理事国投否决票，便不能通过。,Secretariat,The United Nations Secretariat Building at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.,The United Nations S
17、ecretariat is an intergovernmental organization charged with the promotion of aiding states to collectively maintain international peace and security; it serves as a forum for member-states to discuss and resolve pressing issues in the international field through primarily diplomatic resources. The
18、Secretariat is composed of a Secretary General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. The activities of the Secretariat are performed by a staff of 44,000 civil servants from around the world under the leadership of the Secretary-General. Eligibility for civil service is based on a UN-administered examination offered worldwide, in addition to a competitive application process.,
