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1、专四语法重点题,王拉沙 西昌学院外语系,than,连词 than 引导比较状语从句，有时省去部分谓语，保留了主语和助动词，此时助动词可以移到主语前。如：John drives much more carefully than does his father. (=than his father drives) 连词 than 引导比较状语从句，常省去主语，保留谓语部分，这种结构多见于正式文体中。如：Dont eat more than is good for you.,倍数的表达,倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than 倍数+as+形容词或副词（或 many / much） +as 倍数+t
2、he size（length，height）of 倍数+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than 倍数+as many（或much）+名词 +as,as,as much as “达到与一样的程度” not so much as “与其说不如说” such as to “到如此程度以致” no / not any more than “两者一样都不” no / not any less than “两者一样都”,A is to B what C is to D,Water is to fish what air is to man.,重要短语,no more than = only “仅” no
3、t more than = at most “至多” no / not any more than = neither nor 两者一样都不，和一样不 not more than = less than “不如” no less than = as much / many as “多达” not less than = at least “至少” no / not any less than = as as “两者一样都”，“与一样” not less than = more than “比更”,合成不定代词的习惯用语,something of 若干、多少、有些 anything but 并不
4、，根本不 nothing but 只不过，只有 something like 有点像 or something 类似 Mr. Smith is an engineer or something. She is nothing but a dancer. He was anything but pleased when he heard this.,no one VS. none,no one只能指人，none可用于指人或物。 no onenobody，语气比none强，后面不接of构成的短语；none通常与of连用作主语 no one作主语时，谓语动词用单数；none后接不可数名词作主语时，谓
5、语动词用单数；后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。 No one was in the classroom. None of the money on the desk is mine. None of us speaks / speak Japanese.,讲解,用于简短回答时，none用来回答how many或how much问句；no one或nobody用来回答who问句；而nothing则用来回答what问句； How many fish did you catch? None. How much water is there in the bottle? None. Who
6、will go to the party? No one. / Nobody. Whats in your hand? Nothing.,one, the one, that,that 只能代替事物，不能代替人；one 既可代替人也可代替事物。 one代替前面出现的名词表示不确指；that, the one 代替前面出现的名词，指代谈话双方都知道的事物，即“特指”。 that 不能有前置修饰语，但须有后置修饰语；one一般可有前置修饰语，也可有后置修饰语。,讲解,one, the one 都只能指代前面出现的单数可数名词，复数可数名词则用ones, the ones；that既可指代单数可数名
7、词，也可指代不可数名词。 that代替前面提到的事物，必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置修饰语；如果前面提到的是复数名词，则用those来代替。,例句,Im looking for a house. Id really like one with a garden. (指代不确定的单数可数名词) The sweater he wears today is different from that / the one he wore yesterday. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的单数可数名词时，that = the one) Marys handwriting
8、is far better than that of Peter. (指代不可数名词) The bikes they made this year are better than those / the ones they made last year. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的复数可数名词时，those = the ones),more than, other than, rather than,They enrolled more than 500 new students.I cant do other than obey.This is rather
9、 for father to decide than for you. Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.,more than常用在数词前，表示“超过”、“多”,other than “除之外”,rather than连接两个平行结构，表示“是而不是”、“与其宁愿”,定冠词（the）的用法,Man is the only animal that can talk. She is the prettier of the two. They are paid by the month. He
10、 grabbed me by the arm and pulled me onto the bus. The rich are not always happier than the poor. The beautiful lives forever.,Why “the”?,the + 最高级/序数词/only/same + 名词 the + 比较级 + of the two by the + 计量单位 （“按；以计”） the + 身体部位 （表示身体某部位接受外来的动作） the + 形容词 = 复数普通名词 / 抽象名词,表示“排除”的介词,besides = in addition t
11、o except = but = other than except for 表示不同项目类别的对比和限制You composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.The movie was good except for the ending.,表示“排除”的介词,except that 后接从句，“除之外”I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of this school. apart from = aside from (AmE)有时=besid
12、es，有时=except (for) 另外，but for “若不是，要不是”，一般使用虚拟语气，与“排除”无关,重点搭配,to sbs advantage 对某人有利 find fault with sb. 挑某人的刺，找某人的碴儿 put emphasis on 把重点放在 compensation for 对于的补偿,be particular about 对挑剔，过分讲究 be popular with 受欢迎 in the light of 根据、按照 with the exception of 除以外 by virtue of 由于、依靠 regardless of 不管、不顾,在
13、汉语中可数，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词,advice, baggage (luggage), damage, equipment, furniture, homework, information, news .,不可数名词的量化表示,修饰可数名词复数: many, a good/great many，a good/great/large number of 修饰不可数名词: much, a great deal of, a large amount of 两者都可修饰: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, a large sum of,
