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1、短文翻译讲解,汉译英,徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。,徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。 周游：到各处游历; 走遍travel across (around)；tour；visit 考察: explore; make an on-the-spo
2、t investigation; inspect 足迹：footprint;footmark; trace 遍及 spread all over,译文1：During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 译文2：During his life time, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. he le
3、ft his footprints in virtually every part of the country.,他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。 他在考察的过程中: in his exploration; in his tours；on his tours 盲目：blindly; in a blind way; without thinking 迷信: superstition; blindly worship/ believe in。 这里“迷信”指“accept readily/without thinking”,译文1：He never blindly accepted
4、 the conclusions given in books in his exploration. 译文2：In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents.,他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。 前人：predecessor; forefathers; others 前人栽树，后人乘凉。 One man sows and another reaps. 记载：recor
5、d; put down in writing; document; notes 可靠: 真实可信 true，或准确accurate，信得过reliable; trustworthy,译文1：and found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors. 或：He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate. 译文2：Instead, he discov
6、ered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects.,为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉； 为了: in order to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to 细致的：careful, delicate, detailed 乘车坐船：“乘坐”应使用一个词 by c
7、arriage and boat; take the wagon and the boat 翻山越岭：翻越可使用一个词 climb/cross mountains and ridges 长途跋涉: long difficult journeys,为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉。 译文1：He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time with the ai
8、m of conducting a real and careful exploration. 译文2： In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by boat or by wagon. He climbed over mountain and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot.,为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景； 弄清：fi
9、nd out; make clear 真相：real situation（区别于表面或造假的情况）；the actual state of affairs; fact; truth 真相大白come out in the wash; The truth is out; The facts are clear now. 弄清真相：get a clear picture of,艰险：hardships and dangers；dangerous; treacherous; difficult 人迹罕至：untraversed；unfrequented；seldom visited 奇山秀景：gro
10、tesque mountains and spectacular sceneries; 奇：grotesque, peculiar, strange, unique 秀：fantastic, miraculous, magnificent, spectacular,为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景； 译文1：To get a true picture of nature, he picked/chose mountains with treacherous paths and unfrequented jungles for explo
11、rations, discovering many grotesque mountains and beautiful sceneries.,译文2： In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated.,他常常选择不同
12、的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。,他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。 译文1：He would revisit famous mountains at different time and in different seasons to observe the changing magnificent views time and again.,译文2：In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose dif
13、ferent times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.,英译汉,Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging dif
14、ficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happin
15、ess is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.,We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins
16、the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.,【概述】 这是一篇说理性的议论文，文章评论美国19世纪哲学家、思想家、作家亨利大卫梭罗对人生幸福的看法。用词正式，逻辑严谨，哲理性强。译好这类文章有一定难度，翻译时要注意整篇文章的逻辑关系，特别注意语篇的连贯和衔接。,译文：,Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. gist: 与essence同义，意为“精要；精髓”。此句可译为“全力以赴，便是其精髓所在”。,
