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1、语法专项复习,-宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语,宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。 I like my teacher.（名词作宾语) I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语） I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语） I know him .（代词作宾语） I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语） She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,
2、时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,1.that引导 2.whether/if引导 3.连接代词 who whom whose what which 4. 连接副词when why where how。,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小
3、时后他会回来） He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1. I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask h
4、im _. （他是否能来） 3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）,if (whether) he will go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said tha
5、t I was younger than him.,He says that Tom is a good student.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句,e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (whether) t
6、hey would go visit the Great Wall.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?”2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓
7、语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.,注 意：,特别提示：,宾语从句要注意三要素；引导词、语序、时态。 1、引导词：that, if/whether, 特殊疑问词2、语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，凡有助动词，情态动词，be动词在从句主语前面都要调到主语后面，若是助动词do does did，要把它们去掉。3、时态: (1)、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。(2)、当主句的谓语动词是一
8、般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it alrea
9、dy. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),will be,goes,were playing,have re
10、turned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the bookalready? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be) 14. Our teacher told us in
11、class the sun _ in theeast. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doi
12、ng my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he
13、 would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to t
14、he station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分） 将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?3.Are they doing homework?,（三）时态(时态一致性）,主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态。 主句用过去时态，从句可用相应的过去时态。 I know he is a teacher. I know he was a teacher
15、 three years ago. I know he has been a teacher for 3 years I know he will be a teacher after graduation. I knew he was a teacher I knew he had been a teacher for 3 years. I knew he would be a teacher after graduation.,宾语从句专项练习,1 时态一致性 ( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A.
16、 took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled,
