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1、专题九 动词的时态与语态,专题九 动词的时态与语态,动词的时态,初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。 以do为例,常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示:,专题九 动词的时态与语态,在常用的八种时态中,中考热点问题透析如下:,1条件状语从语:在when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如: Ill go to see him when I have time. 我有时间的话, 就去看他。 If he calls, tell
2、him Ill ring back. 如果他来电话,告诉他我将给他回电话 2非延续性动词come, go, leave, start, finish等的进行时常表达将来之意。如: I am leaving for Japan tomorrow. 明天我要去日本。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,3“be going to动词原形”也可表示将来时。如: Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些乌云!马上要下雨了。 4在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如: I have had the book for tw
3、o days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had,而不用bought) 5在由if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时态,if从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如:,专题九 动词的时态与语态,Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day. 艾米说如果明天不下雨,她就去购物。 6have been to 和have gone to的区别 两者后均可接地点,前者表示“去过某地”,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示“到某地去了”,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如: He has gone to Pari
4、s. 他去巴黎了。 He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,动词的语态,语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。 常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示:,专题九 动词的时态与语态,专题九 动词的时态与语态,谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况,1表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语:happen, last, take place, bre
5、ak out, come out,come true, run out, give out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如: The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 会议在一个美丽的城市举行。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,2一些特殊动词:英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物
6、。且该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。如: This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。 3感官动词:系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受的感官动词,如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,提醒在使役动词have, make, get, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面不定式
7、作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时要加to。如: Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动语态为: A stranger was seen to walk into the building.,专题九 动词的时态与语态,中考透视,( )1. 2011恩施 Tom, along with his friends, _ Beijing tomorrow. Aare leaving for Bleave for Cleaves to Dis leaving for,D 此题考查leave 的进行时态表将来时。alo
8、ng with 是介词,不能并列作主语,句子的主语仍为Tom, 故答案为D。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )2. 2011雅安 She _ this book for nearly three weeks. Ahas borrowed Bhas lent Chas bought Dhas kept,D 在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间,要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。borrow,lend, buy均为非延续性动词,不能与一段时间连用。故选D。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )3. 2012福州 Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith? Sorry, he isnt i
9、n. He _the office. Ahas been to Bhas gone to Chas been away Dhas been in,B has/ have gone to表示“到某地去了”,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )4. 2012广东 Dont hurry. He _here as soon as the meeting is over. Acomes Bwill come Cwill get to Dgets,B 在as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )5. 2012重
10、庆 Sanya is a beautiful city. I _ there twice. Ahave gone Bhave been Chave gone to Dhave been to,B has/ have been to表示“去过某地”,通常可与表示次数的状语连用。there为副词,故要省略to。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )6. 2011镇江 The cakes in the restaurant _, so they _ well. Aare tasted better; are sold Bare tasted well; sell Ctaste terrible; are
11、 sold Dtaste nice; sell,D taste 是系动词,所以不用被动语态;sell与well连用时,用主动形式表示被动意义。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )7. 2011枣庄 In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. Ato lock Bwork Cto work Dlock,C 在使役动词have, make, get, let后面作宾语补足语的不定式在主动结构中要省略to,但变为被动结构时要加to。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )8. 2012衢州 In July, 2012, the 30th Olymp
12、ic Games_ in London. Awill be held Bbe held Cis held Dwas held ( )9. 2012广东 Shanghai is really a modern city now! Many tall buildings _ everywhere. Acan be seen Bcan see Cshould be seen Dshould see,A,A,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )10. 2012 临沂 Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks _ for their fins. Awere killed Bhave killed Care killed Dwill killed,C,专题九 动词的时态与语态,