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1、1专题专题 1010 定语从句定语从句考纲展示 命题探究考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句基础点关系代词的基本用法(1)which 的用法which 用于指物或替代整个句子，在从句中可作主语或宾语。She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。(2)that 的用法that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时常可省略。that 指人时常可与 who 或
2、whom 互换，指物时常可与 which 互换。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(3)who, whom 的用法who 或 whom 均可指代人，但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用 that 替换。作主语时，who/that 不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that 可以省略。Ive become good friends with s
3、everal of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。(4)whose 的用法whose 表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which；指人时相当于 of whom。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the 2holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门
4、。(5)as 的用法as 作关系代词既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于 such.as., the same.as., as.as.结构中。另外，as 也可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。“You cant judge a book by its cover， ” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。 ”重难点1 1 限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用
5、thatthat 不用 whichwhich 的情况(1)先行词为不定代词 all, anything, nothing, something, everything, nothing, none, the one 等或被不定代词修饰时。I refuse to accept the blame for something_that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)当先行词被 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。This is the_very person that
6、 Im waiting for.这正是我在等的那个人。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the_most_interesting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。What is the_first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the_things_and_persons_that they are talking about?你知道他们在谈论
7、什么人和什么事情吗？2 2 当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用 whichwhich 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用 which，不用 that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which,_of course, made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子都要好，这当然让他们对他很嫉妒。(2)当定语从句中的介词提前时，只用 which, 不用 that。This is the school in_which I once studied.这是我曾经读
8、过书的学校。3 3 关系代词 whichwhich 与 asas 的区别(1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。3As we know, China is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China, as we know, is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China is famous for its Four Great Inventions, as we know.众所周知，中国因四大发明而闻名
9、。It was raining heavily, which kept us indoors.雨下得很大，我们出不了门了。(2)as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如 as is known, as was said, as is reported 等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用 which 作主语。She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，这在预料之中。Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使我很高兴。特别提醒as 常
10、用在下列习惯用语中：as everybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的as is often the case 情况往往是这样(3)在限制性定语从句中当先行词被 the same, such 修饰时，其后的定语从句用 as 来引导而不用 which，关系代词 as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I never heard such stories as
11、 he told.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as 作宾语)He is not the_same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as 作表语)考法综述 定语从句关系代词的基本用法，尤其是关系代词 that, which, who, whose 在语篇语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了 32 次，可见其重要性。命题法 考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法典例 1 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
12、waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案 that/which 句意：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词 the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 that 或 which。典例 2 China Today attracts a worldwide readers
13、hip, that shows that more 4and more people all over the world want to learn about China._答案 第一个 thatwhich 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个句子，故用which。【解题法】 考查关系代词时的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解关系代词的基本用法；who, whom, that 先行词为人；that, which 先行词为物；whose 先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。(2)在语法填空中，考查关系代词是不给提示词的，首先判断先行词是人还是物；其次，确定先行词在定语从句中所作的成分；最后判断
14、是限制性还是非限制性定语从句，最终确定先行词。(3)在短文改错中，除了考查关系代词的基本用法外，还会涉及到 that 与 which 的区别，as 与 which 的区别，主要考查关系代词的错用。A A单句填空1Or perhaps you are the only one _ is interested in listening to the ballgame.答案 who/that 分析句子结构知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 one, 指人且在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。2English is a language shared by several diverse cultu
15、res, each of _ uses it differently.答案 which 句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故后面部分应为定语从句，又因为先行词是 cultures，且关系词在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，所以填 which。3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.答案 whose 句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句
16、。先行词为 company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。4Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.答案 which/that 句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是 the sales targets，关系代词在定语从句中作 set 的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。5The Greens stayed in Beijing for a week, during _ they visited places of interest
