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1、写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。,句子成分I：主语/谓语/宾语,练习：请找出下列句子的主语。 1. The boy comes from America. 1. The boy, 名词作主语。2. He usually went to school alone. 2. He，代词作主语。,一、主语,主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。,3. Studying English is very impor
2、tant. Studying English, 动名词短语作主语。4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. To teach him a lesson, 不定式短语作主语。5. That he won the prize excited everyone. That he won the prize, 主语从句作主语。,6. It is important for us to have our dreams. it 形式主语to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正的主语。7. It is obvious that he was
3、 wrong. it 形式主语, that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. it 形式主语, crying over spilt milk动名词短语作真正的主语。,主语一般由名词、_ ,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_ 、_ 还有_)。另外，当句子的主语为_、_ 或_时, 主语部分太长,为使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语。,归纳：,主格代词(I、she等),不定式,动名词,主语从句,动名词短语,不定式短语,主语从句,谓语说明主语的动作(即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语
4、由动词或短语动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语+谓语”。,二、 谓语,动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。,【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？ 1. His parents are teachers. 1. are teachers，系动词
5、+表语。2. The sun rises in the east. 2. rises，实义动词。,3. We have finished reading the book. have finished, 助动词+动词的过去分词。4. You ought to work harder. ought to work, 情态动词+动词原形。,5. I felt cold. 5. felt cold, 连系动词+表语。 6. He doesnt like music. 6. doesnt like, 助动词+动词原形。,宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的
6、词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是：主语-谓语-宾语。,三、宾语,练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 1. He has never met her in person. Her, 宾格代词作宾语。2. She handed him a book. him宾格代词作间接宾语, a book 名词作直接宾语。3. He likes to play basketball. to play basketball, 不定式短语作宾语。,4. We e
7、njoy listening to music. listening to the music, 动名词短语作宾语。5. She said that she felt sick. that she felt sick, 宾语从句作宾语。6. They sent the injured to hospital. the injured, 名词化的形容词作宾语。,7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. it形式宾语, 不定式短语to believe her any longer.作真正宾语。8. We consider it no
8、 good getting up late. 8. it形式宾语, getting up late动名词短语作真正宾语。9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 9. it形式宾语, 宾语从句that he should have done that作真正的宾语。,当句子的宾语为_、_、或_时, 常用形式宾语it, 以保持句子的平衡。,注意：,不定式短语,动名词短语,宾语从句,系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词, 如：be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的
9、典型词类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。,句子成分II：表语/定语/状语/补语,一、表语,练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词, 不定式, 分词，还是表语从句)。 1. My wallet is on the desk. 1. on the desk, 介词短语。2. The book isnt mine. 2. mine,名词。,3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. 3. yellow , 形容词
10、。 4. He has become a police officer. a police officer, 名词。5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. that we should start at once., 表语从句。,6. My suggestion is to leave at once. 6. to leave at once, 不定式短语。7. His speech was boring. 7. boring，现在分词。 8. The whole class got excited at the good news.
11、 8. excited， 过去分词。,定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前, 但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时, 或者是短语或定语从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。,二、定语,练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句） 1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.,1. beautiful, 形容词, many, 数
12、词。,2. The wallet on the desk is mine. on the desk, 介词短语。3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. demanding, 现在分词, my, 形容词性代词。4. That building being repaired is our library. being repaired, 现在分词短语, our, 形容词性代词。,5. He is one of the students that have been late. 5. one, 数词; that have been la
13、te, 定语从句。6. The excited boys burst into cheers. 6. excited，过去分词。7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 7. woman，名词；good，形容词。,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词, 或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，作状语的典型词类是副词, 也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。,三、状语,练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。 1. He did his homewor
14、k carefully at home. carefully, 副词，at home，介词词组。2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 2.to do some shopping不定式作目的状语; on Sunday介词短语表时间。,3. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . 3. When I grow up, 时间状语从句。4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. 4. Feeling tired, 现在分词短语表
15、原因，without supper, 介词短语表方式。,5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience. due to his lack of patience介词短语表原因。6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. 6. Brought up in the country, 过去分词短语表原因。,补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去
16、分词等。,四、补足语,练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。 1. They elected John monitor. 1. monitor名词。 2. He treated his mistake as a joke. 2. as a joke，介词词组。,3. We heard her singing a song. 3. singing a song, 现在分词短语。4. He told me to make my own decision. 4. to make my own decision, 动词不定式。,5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. 5. wrong , 形容词。6. He watched an insect caught by a bird. 6. caught by a bird，过去分词短语。,
