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1、Chapter 2Lecture OutlineCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Philosophy That Worksn“Consume a variety of foods balanced by a moderate intake of each food.”nVariety Choose different foodsnBalanced Do not overeat any single type of foodnModeration C
2、ontrol portion sizeNutrient DensitynNutrient Dense Comparison of vitamin and mineral content with number of kcalsnEmpty caloriesComparison of Nutrient DensityEnergy DensitynComparison of kcal content with weight of foodnHigh-energy-dense foodsnLow-energy-dense foodsStates of Nutritional HealthDesira
3、ble Nutritional HealthnIntake meets bodys needsnBody has a small surplusUndernutrition nIntake is below bodys needsnSurpluses are depletednHealth declinesnMetabolic processes slow or stopnSubclinical deficiencynClinical symptomsOvernutritionnIntake exceeds bodys needsnShort term Few symptomsnLong te
4、rm Serious conditions ObesitynAbuse of supplementsnwww.shapeup.orgMeasuring Nutritional StatenAnthropometricnBiochemical AssessmentnClinical AssessmentnDietary AssessmentnEconomic AssessmentMeasuring Nutritional StateLimitations of Nutritional AssessmentnDelayed symptoms and signsnSymptoms due to di
5、fferent causesHealthy Habits to AdoptnConsume a healthy dietnControl your weight nDrink alcohol in moderation (optional)nExercise 30 minute a daynDont smokeGuidelines For Planning Healthy Diets:The Food Guide PyramidnTranslates science into practical termsnHelps people meet nutritional needs For car
6、bohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, moderate in total fatnModerate your intake of sugarsnChoose and prepare foods with less saltnIf you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderationUsing of the Dietary GuidelinesnConsider your state of healthnDifferences in genetic backgroundnThere is no optimal die
7、tAdvice from the American Dietetic AssociationnBe realistic, make small changesnBe adventurous, try new foodsnBe flexible, balance sweets and fatty foods with physical activitiesnBe sensible, watch portionsnBe active dailyNutrient Standards and RecommendationsDietary Reference Intake (DRI)nOngoing a
8、nd collaborative effortnHealth Canada and the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (US)RDAsAIsDRIs EERsULsStandards Under the DRIThe Recommended Dietary Allowancesn“Recommended intakes of nutrients that meet the needs of almost all healthy people of similar age and gender”- the Food
9、 and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of SciencesScientific ResearchStudiesnLaboratory animal experimentsnHuman studiesnCase-control studynDouble-blind studynPeer ReviewnFollow-up studiesStandards For Food LabelingnDRIs are gender and age specificnFDA developed the Daily Values nGeneric stand
10、ard used on food labelsnAllow for comparisonDRV for 2000 kcalFood ComponentDRV 2000 kcal Fat 65 g Saturated Fat 20 g Protein 50 g Cholesterol 300 mg Carbohydrate 300 g Fiber 25 g Sodium 2400 mg Potassium 3500 mgNutrition FactsWhats on the Food Label?nProduct namenManufacturers name and addressnUnifo
11、rm serving sizenAmount in the packagenIngredients in descending order by weightnNutrient componentsWhat Food Requires a Label?nNearly all packaged foods and processed meat productsnHealth claimsnFresh fruit, vegetable, raw single ingredient meal, poultry, fish are voluntaryWhat is Not Required on a
12、Label?n% Daily Value for protein (for foods intended for 4 yrs. or older)nProtein deficiency is rarenProcedure to determine protein quality is expensiveHealth Claims Allowed on Food Labels Relating tonOsteoporosisnSome cancernCardiovascular diseasenHypertensionnNeural tube defectsnTooth decaynStroke
13、nUse of “may” or “might”Comparative and Absolute Nutrient ClaimsnSugar (free, no added)nCalories (free, low)nFiber (high, food source, added)nFat (free, low, reduced)nCholesterol (free, low, reduced)nSodium (free, low, light)ClaimsnFortified/enrichednHealthynLight, litenDietnGood sourcenOrganicnNatu
14、ralPoor Nutrition AdvicenQuick fixnWarnings of dangernSounds too good to be truenSimplistic conclusionsnRecommendations based on single studynDramatic statementsnLists “good” and “bad” foodsnSelling a productnStudies published without peer reviewnStudies that ignore differences among individuals or
15、groupsGood Nutrition AdvicenPhysiciansnRegistered Dietitian www.eatright.org/find/html www.dietitians.caDietary SupplementsDietary SupplementsnDietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) 1994 Classified vitamins, minerals, amino acids and herbal remedies as foodsnCan be marketed in US without FDA approval if: Reasonably safe Product must be labeled as a dietary supplementEvaluating Cnwww.ncahf.orgnwww.dietary-supplements.info.nih.govnwww.fda.govnwww.navigator.tufts.edu
